清季民初的主体观念反思——从章太炎到鲁迅

发布时间：2018-05-08 23:20

  本文选题：清季民初 + 主体观念　； 参考：《学习与探索》2017年07期

【摘要】：主体观念是现代哲学的基石,也是现代性的基石。清季民初以来,随着西方现代性在中国的展开,主体观念逐步成了当时绝大多数知识分子的信仰。然而,在章太炎、王国维以及鲁迅的思想深处,可以发现一条不同于当时主流精神传统的思想谱系。对于章太炎来说,将"人"视为世界的主体是现代主体的幻想;在王国维笔下,主体的欲望而不是理性才是主体的本质性规定;就鲁迅而言,主体的未来未必是通往至善的乌托邦,必将陷于循环和虚无之中。他们对现代性之主体观念的警惕与反思,不仅是对传统文化中幽暗意识的继承和发扬,也是对现代性合法性叙事的解构。因此,对其进行比较分析有助于从新的范式上了解近现代中国思想市场的真实生态。
[Abstract]:The concept of subject is the cornerstone of modern philosophy and also the cornerstone of modernity. Since the beginning of Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, with the development of western modernity in China, the concept of subject gradually became the belief of most intellectuals at that time. However, in the depth of Zhang Taiyan, Wang Guowei and Lu Xun, we can find a genealogy of thought which is different from the mainstream spiritual tradition of that time. For Zhang Taiyan, it is the fantasy of modern subjects to regard "human beings" as the subject of the world; in Wang Guowei's works, the desire of the subject rather than reason is the essential rule of the subject; as far as Lu Xun is concerned, The subject's future is not necessarily a utopia leading to the best, but a cycle and nothingness. Their vigilance and reflection on the concept of the subject of modernity are not only the inheritance and development of the dark consciousness in the traditional culture, but also the deconstruction of the narrative of the legitimacy of modernity. Therefore, the comparative analysis is helpful to understand the real ecology of modern Chinese thought market from the new paradigm.
【作者单位】： 对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D092
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本文编号：1863532