史华慈的毛泽东政治哲学研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 15:01

本文选题：史华慈 + 毛泽东政治哲学　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为美国著名的思想史专家,本杰明·史华慈在研究中注重对客观史实的把握以及对历史文献资料的客观把握,并将研究对象放在一个相对动态的过程进行研究。因此,在对历史人物的研究中,结合客观史实与历史的特殊性及偶然性,对历史人物的思想特征与历史定位进行分析研究,从研究的过程与结果中总结概括出历史人物的思想意识与其实践之间存在的关系。在此学术取向的指引下,史华慈展开了对毛泽东政治哲学的研究,他以中国传统文化为主要切入点,结合西方近代思潮以及马克思主义对毛泽东政治哲学成因影响进行系统的阐述。在《中国共产主义的崛起与毛主义》中,史华慈将毛泽东政治哲学概括为“毛主义”(Maoism)战略,并认为其中关于革命主体的是农民阶级的论述是对马克思列宁主义核心理论的“背离”,从而形成了“毛主义”——“异端”理论。“毛主义”战略在其核心思想不变的前提下,其内容则在毛泽东政治实践的各个时期呈现出不同的特点。但是对于建国以后的毛泽东政治哲学的研究,史华慈将研究的重心放在了“文革”时期毛泽东政治学所呈现的新特点。首先,史华慈认为毛泽东发动“文革”的原因隐藏着马克思列宁主义的政党理论预设,目的是针对党内出现的种种问题进行的一次激烈的“整风”运动,而非单纯的权力斗争的结果；其次,史华慈坚持在“问题意识”的指导下,采取文化比较的研究方法将“文革”时期毛泽东的政治实践与卢梭的“公意”学说结合进行比较研究,将毛泽东在“文革”时期的政治哲学概括为“德性统治”。史华慈认为“毛主义”是毛泽东在社会主义革命建设过程中形成的具有独创性的政治战略,体现出了毛泽东的民本思想,中国共产党的宗旨是为最广大人民群众谋福利,全心全意为人民服务,更体现出毛泽东在一生的政治实践中都在坚持走符合中国国情的革命建设道路,最终目的是实现中华民族伟大复兴。结合党第十一届六中全会通过的《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》中对毛泽东历史地位的评价和国内的研究现状来看,其研究结论仍存在着明显的不足,但是其研究的视角与研究方法依然具有一定积极意义。通过重新解读史华慈对毛泽东政治哲学研究,发掘史华慈的研究中隐藏着的更深切的人文关怀以及他的独特的研究方法,拓宽了现阶段对毛泽东政治哲学与马克思主义中国化的研究深度与广度。
[Abstract]:As a famous American intellectual history expert, Benjamin Schwartz paid attention to the objective historical facts and historical documents in his research, and put the research object in a relatively dynamic process. Therefore, in the study of historical figures, combined with the particularity and contingency of objective historical facts and history, the ideological characteristics and historical positioning of historical figures are analyzed and studied. The relationship between the ideology and practice of historical figures is summarized from the research process and results. Under the guidance of this academic orientation, Swartz began his research on Mao Zedong's political philosophy. He took Chinese traditional culture as the main breakthrough point. Combined with the western modern trend of thought and Marxism to the Mao Zedong political philosophy causes a systematic elaboration. In "the rise of Chinese Communism and Maoism," Mr. Schwartz summed up Mao Zedong's political philosophy as a "Maoist" strategy. It is considered that the exposition of the peasant class is a deviation from the core theory of Marxism-Leninism, which forms the theory of "Maoism"-"heresy". Under the premise of its core thought unchanged, the content of "Maoism" strategy shows different characteristics in each period of Mao Zedong political practice. But for the study of Mao Zedong's political philosophy after the founding of the people's Republic of China, Swartz focused his research on the new features of Mao Zedong politics during the Cultural Revolution. First of all, Swartz believes that the reason why Mao Zedong launched the "Cultural Revolution" is hidden by the Marxist and Leninist political party theory presupposition, with the aim of conducting a fierce "rectification movement" aimed at various problems within the party. It is not the result of a simple power struggle. Secondly, Swartz insists on being guided by "problem consciousness." By comparing the political practice of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution with Rousseau's theory of "public will", the political philosophy of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution was summarized as "the rule of virtue". Shi Wah-tsi believed that "Maoism" was an original political strategy formed by Mao Zedong in the course of socialist revolutionary construction, which embodied Mao Zedong's people-oriented thinking. The purpose of the CPC was to seek for the welfare of the broadest masses of the people. Serving the people wholeheartedly reflects that Mao Zedong has adhered to the road of revolutionary construction in all his life's political practice, and the ultimate goal is to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. According to the evaluation of the historical status of Mao Zedong in the Resolution on some Historical problems of the Party since the founding of the people's Republic of China adopted by the sixth Plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee and the current research situation in China, there are still obvious deficiencies in its research conclusions. But its research angle and research method still have certain positive significance. By reinterpreting Schwartz's study of Mao Zedong's political philosophy, the author explores the deeper humanistic concern and his unique research methods, which are hidden in Schwartz's research. It widens the depth and breadth of the research on Mao Zedong political philosophy and Marxism in China at the present stage.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D0

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