沈玄庐政治思想实践研究（1920-1924）

发布时间：2018-06-04 05:12

本文选题：沈玄庐 + 中国共产党　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：沈玄庐是一位在中共党史、中国近代史上争议不断的历史人物,却在中国近代农民运动史上颇具地位。人们对他的评价,褒贬不一,难以界定,但他仍然具有十分重要的研究价值。沈玄庐的早期思想包括政治、农民运动、妇女解放、工运等方面,尤其是在政治思想和农民运动思想方面,他曾是坚定的马克思主义者,对中国共产党的创建以及中共领导下的农民运动作出了重要贡献。本文拟在前人研究的基础上,对沈玄庐在1920-1924年间的政治思想实践进行系统地梳理。沈玄庐人生经历丰富,经历了地主、资本主义改良者、革命者、马克思主义者、共产党员以及国民党等身份的转换,其政治思想也随之不断发生改变。起初,他提出了一系列改造社会思想,如法制思想、省宪自治思想、工读互助思想等,但是随着对马克思主义理论的不断深入了解,成为了早期马克思主义者,并形成了自己的马克思主义观。后期,由于身份、阶级立场的变化,他开始服膺于三民主义。所以说,沈玄庐政治思想中即包含无产阶级的内容,也包含资产阶级的成分,体现了其政治思想的多变性和复杂性。沈玄庐非常关注民众,重视民众力量尤其是农民,组织了很多农民斗争活动,最著名的就是衙前农民运动和萧山东乡自治实践。他深刻地认识到自然灾害和地主剥削是导致农民贫困的直接原因,而根源就是财产私有制,因此他主张“废止私有财产,土地公有”。他特别重视对农民的宣传和教育,启发农民觉悟,让他们自发地积极地参与到斗争中去。同时,他还认为要将农民团结起来,形成同盟,才能在斗争中取得胜利,因此要成立农民组织,实行农民自决。虽然沈玄庐的农民运动思想在某些方面存在一些缺陷,掺杂着资产阶级改良主义的成分,但其有关农民教育的主张在当时中国是具有重要的意义的,对现今社会也具有十分重要的现实意义。沈玄庐妇女解放思想独特而超前,他不仅倡导“女性‘人格’独立、提倡男女平等”,还倡导“交往自由,反对包办婚姻”,主张婚姻自由,认为要真正实现男女教育平等,就要进行男女进无区别甚至无性别同校。这些观点在当时就深深地震撼了深受压迫的妇女们,某些观点甚至对当今社会来讲也是新潮的。这些观点虽然掺杂着部分脱离实际的空想成分,但确为当时的女性思想解放作出了启蒙、借鉴作用。沈玄庐工人运动思想体现了中国知识分子对马克思主义与中国工人运动结合的思考与探索,他运用马克思主义阶级理论分析了中国工人的现状,将斗争矛头直指资产阶级,号召工人组成团体,运用暴力的手段,推翻资本主义制度,建设无产阶级社会。这些观点的提出,对当时整个中国工人运动的开展起到了指导作用。总之,研究沈玄庐的政治思想与实践,不但使我们了解这位鲜为人知却又在推动历史发展进程中发挥过重要作用的人,而且在一定程度上也拓宽了中共党史研究以及中国近代史研究的广度和深度。
[Abstract]:Shen and Lu is a historical figure in the history of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China and in the modern history of China. However, he has a position in the history of the modern Chinese peasant movement. Face, especially in political thought and peasant movement thought, he was a firm Marx, made an important contribution to the creation of the Chinese Communist Party and the peasant movement under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. On the basis of the previous studies, this paper systematically combed Shen Xuanlu's political and ideological practice in the 1920-1924 years. Shen Xuanlu Rich in life, the political ideas of the landlords, the reformers, the revolutionaries, the revolutionaries, the Marx, the Communist Party and the Kuomintang have changed. At first, he put forward a series of social thoughts, such as the thought of the legal system, the thought of the Constitution and self-government, the thought of mutual assistance, and so on. Kyth's theory has become an early Marx doctrine and formed his own view of Marx's doctrine. In the later period, because of his identity and the change of class position, he began to embrace the three people's principles. He pays great attention to the people, attaches great importance to the masses, especially the peasants, and organizes many peasant struggles. The most famous is the movement of the Yamen farmers and the practice of autonomy in Dongxiang in Xiaoshan. He deeply recognizes that natural disasters and landlord exploitation are the direct causes to the poverty of the peasants, and the root is the wealth. He produced private ownership, so he advocated "abolishing private property and public ownership". He paid special attention to the propaganda and education of farmers, enlightened the peasants to realize their consciousness and actively participated in the struggle. At the same time, he believed that the peasants should unite and form an alliance to win victory in the struggle, so the peasant organization should be established and carried out. Farmers' self-determination. Although Shen's peasant movement thought has some defects in some aspects, it is doped with the composition of bourgeois reformism, but its proposition about the education of farmers is of great significance at that time in China and is of great practical significance to the present society. He not only advocates the independence of female personality, advocates equality between men and women, but also advocates "freedom of communication, against arranged marriages", and advocates the freedom of marriage. He believes that in order to truly achieve equality between men and women, there is no difference between men and women and even the same school without sex. These views are deeply shocked by the oppressed women and some views. Even to today's society, it is also a new trend. Although these views are mixed with part of the thought elements that are divorced from reality, they do enlighten and draw lessons from the women's ideological emancipation at that time. Marx's theory of class has analyzed the present situation of Chinese workers, pointing the struggle against the bourgeoisie, calling on the workers to form a group, using the means of violence, overthrowing the capitalist system and building the proletarian society. These points of view have played a guiding role in carrying out the movement of the whole Chinese workers at that time. In a word, the study of Shen Xuanlu The political thought and practice not only made us know the people who knew but also played an important role in promoting the process of historical development, but also to a certain extent broadened the study of the history of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China and the breadth and depth of the study of modern Chinese history.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D092

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