罗尔斯正义原则及对我国社会公正建设的启示

发布时间：2018-06-04 05:58

本文选题：罗尔斯 + 正义原则　；参考：《河北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：《正义论》的作者约翰·罗尔斯，是二十世纪的伟大哲学家。他所提出的两个正义原则，以“公平正义”为宗旨，针对社会基本结构进行研究，其主要目的是为西方民主社会提供一种根本道德原则（也就是所说的正义原则），用于对社会基本结构的设计进行指导。在这本书中主要包含了两个正义原则：其一是平等的自由原则；其二是机会公平平等原则与差别原则的结合。对由社会合作产生的负担与利益，以及各种基本义务与权利进行平等分配是上述两个原则的基本要义。当无法实现完全意义上的平等时，要将照顾最少受惠者作为分配的前提，其中所表现出的是一种平等主义倾向。论证两个正义原则占据了本书的大部分内容，其以契约作为论证的前提和基础，，体系较为庞大。在文中设定了各种前提条件，例如无知之幕、原初状态等等，人们进行选择时并不了解任何相关社会和个人的特殊信息，通过这种方式所签订的契约能够使选择的公平性得到有效保证。在我国公正理论的发展过程中，罗尔斯正义理论具有较高的借鉴价值。我国经济建设经过三十多年的改革开放和市场经济之后所取得的成就，已经得到世界各国的承认。但是，随之而来的社会公正问题，诸如贫富差距不断扩大、弱势群体社会主体化等问题在一定程度上破坏了社会稳定。目前，怎样使社会主义本质得到充分体现，实现社会公正不仅仅是一个理论问题，它还是现阶段所面临的一个亟待解决现实问题。对于我国现阶段所面临的失范状态下的市场经济以及由其所导致的贫富差距过大等社会问题，罗尔斯正义原则中的机会均等以及社会调剂思想具有一定的借鉴意义。所以，本文针对中国社会公正领域在转型期所出现的问题，采用马克思主义社会公正观，从罗尔斯正义原则本身出发提出一些解决意见和建议，希望能够为探讨构建公平正义的和谐社会作出一定的贡献。
[Abstract]:John Rawls, author of the Theory of Justice, was a great philosopher in the twentieth century. The two principles of justice he put forward, with the aim of "fairness and justice" as the purpose, study the basic structure of society. Its main purpose is to provide a kind of fundamental moral principle for the western democratic society (that is, the justice principle), which is used to guide the design of the basic structure of the society. There are two principles of justice in this book: one is the principle of equality of liberty, the other is the combination of equal opportunity principle and difference principle. The basic meaning of the above two principles is the equal distribution of the burden and benefit arising from social cooperation, as well as all kinds of basic obligations and rights. When it is impossible to achieve equality in the full sense, we should take care of the least beneficiaries as the premise of distribution, which shows an egalitarian tendency. Argumentation two principles of justice occupy most of the contents of the book, its contract as the premise and basis of the argument, the system is relatively large. A variety of preconditions are set in the text, such as the curtain of ignorance, the primordial state, and so on, where people choose without knowing any particular information about society and individuals. The contract signed in this way can guarantee the fairness of choice effectively. In the process of development of justice theory in our country, Rawls justice theory has high reference value. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up and market economy, China's economic construction has been recognized by all countries in the world. However, the following social justice problems, such as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the social subjectivity of the vulnerable groups, to a certain extent, undermine social stability. At present, how to fully embody the essence of socialism and realize social justice is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem to be solved at the present stage. For the social problems such as the market economy and the excessive gap between the rich and the poor, which our country is facing at the present stage, the equal opportunities in Rawls' principle of justice and the thought of social adjustment have certain reference significance. Therefore, in view of the problems in the field of social justice in China during the transition period, this paper adopts the Marxist view of social justice and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions from Rawls' justice principle itself. The author hopes to contribute to the construction of a fair and just harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091;D61

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