正义感是人的首要美德——罗尔斯双重理性假设之考察

发布时间：2018-06-15 08:43

本文选题：罗尔斯 + 理性　；参考：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：针对罗尔斯提出正义理论属于理性选择理论的见解,批评者表示,罗尔斯是康德主义者,康德道德理性学说冲突于理性选择理论的理性人假设。罗尔斯在康德的道德人观念基础上构建一套细致的正义原则证明程序。他的两个基本理念"自由平等的道德人"理念和"社会合作体系的社会"理念,与理性选择理论倡导的理念截然不同。后者将社会视为基于个人理性的竞争性协调体系,生活于其中的理性人以追求效用最大化为目的。通过考察可知,罗尔斯提出的是一种双重理性假设,它既源于康德道德哲学,又超越康德道德哲学。单从理性选择视角批评罗尔斯正义原则的辩护逻辑有失偏颇。罗尔斯描绘了这样一个良序社会,正义感是生活于其中成员的首要美德;公平正义是自由平等且通情达理者的理性选择。罗尔斯晚年对公共理性的推崇,改变了其早期对个人理性的偏好,其公共理性观念是"通情达理的人"观念的发展。
[Abstract]:In view of Rawls' opinion that justice theory belongs to rational choice theory, critics say that Rawls is a Kantian, and Kant's moral rationality theory conflicts with rational man hypothesis of rational choice theory. Rawls constructed a detailed procedure of proof of justice principle on the basis of Kant's idea of moral man. His two basic concepts, "free and equal moral person" and "society of social cooperation system", are completely different from those advocated by rational choice theory. The latter regards society as a competitive coordination system based on individual rationality, in which rational people pursue utility maximization. Through investigation, Rawls put forward a double rational hypothesis, which originated from Kant's moral philosophy and transcended Kant's moral philosophy. It is biased to criticize Rawls' defense logic of justice principle from the angle of rational choice. Rawls depicts a well-ordered society in which the sense of justice is the primary virtue of the members of the society and justice is the rational choice of the free equal and reasonable. Rawls' respect for public rationality in his later years changed his early preference for personal rationality, and his concept of public rationality was the development of the concept of "reasonable man".
【作者单位】：浙江大学公共管理学院政治学系;浙江大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(13AZX016);国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB022)
【分类号】：D091

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