“普世价值”的内在困境——以福山“历史终结论”为例

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:46

本文选题：普世价值 + 理论　；参考：《马克思主义与现实》2017年06期

【摘要】："普世价值"学说具有理论和实践上的双重诉求。它既体现出西方哲学对理论普遍性的一贯追求,又试图将某种规范性理念在实践上加以普遍应用。弗朗西斯·福山的"历史终结论"明显体现了这两种诉求:福山既在理论上追求"普世史"和"普遍承认"以论证资本主义"自由民主"的合理性,又试图将资本主义政治制度推广到整个世界,使之成为历史发展过程最终的政治形态。但以"历史终结论"为代表的"普世价值"学说将理论完全凌驾于实践之上,由承认的普遍性导向"历史的终结"。而"普遍承认"中的主体是一种从主奴关系中脱离出来的抽象的人的普遍性,其虚假性昭然若揭。我们应从马克思主义立场出发,正确地认识实践和理论的关系,区别看待理念层面的价值和实践层面的制度,这样才能从根底处揭示作为虚假意识形态的"普世价值"的内在困境。
[Abstract]:The theory of universal value has both theoretical and practical demands. It not only embodies the consistent pursuit of the universality of theory in western philosophy, but also attempts to apply some normative ideas in practice. Francis Fukuyama's "the end of History" clearly embodies these two demands: Fukuyama theoretically pursues "universal history" and "universal recognition" to demonstrate the rationality of capitalism "freedom and democracy". It also tries to extend the capitalist political system to the whole world and make it the final political form in the course of historical development. However, the theory of "universal value", represented by "the end of history", completely overrides practice, and is guided by the universality of recognition "the end of history". But the subject in "universally acknowledged" is a kind of abstract human universality which is separated from the relationship between master and slave, and its falsehood is obvious. We should proceed from the Marxist standpoint, correctly understand the relationship between practice and theory, and distinguish between the values at the conceptual level and the system at the practical level. In this way, the inner predicament of universal value as a false ideology can be revealed from the root.
【作者单位】：中央编译局;
【基金】：博士后科学基金“网络空间视阈下马克思精神生产理论研究及其当代价值”[项目编号:2017M610952]的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D0

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