关于林肯19世纪50年代政治演说的研究
发布时间:2018-06-23 12:13
本文选题:亚伯拉罕·林肯 + 开国之父 ; 参考:《南京大学》2012年硕士论文
【摘要】:亚伯拉罕·林肯被视为美国历史上最伟大的总统之一,他领导国家度过南北战争,维护了联邦制,结束了奴隶制—这一美国建国以来一直残存下来的问题。内战前的19世纪50年代,随着奴隶制不断扩张,因奴隶制问题而产生的辩论和斗争日益增多并且尖锐化。1854年,伊利诺伊州参议员斯蒂芬·道格拉斯提出《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》,打开了使以往得到保证的自由州成为奴隶州的通道,直接导致一个对废除奴隶制持相对激进态度的政党——共和党的建立。1957年,在德雷德·斯科特判决案中,最高法院的首席大法官罗杰·唐尼裁定,无论《独立宣言》还是美国宪法都不适用于黑人,再一次激化南北双方的矛盾。就是在这种历史背景下,几乎默默无名的林肯重返政治舞台并加入共和党。他先后五次在重要政治演说中阐述限制奴隶制并最终消灭奴隶制的必要性。为了证明自己的主张,林肯引经据典,借古喻今,将听众带回到建国之初,重温开国之父们反对蓄奴制的态度。同时,他的主张又完美地代表了共和党为数众多的中间派的观点。林肯的演说赢得了听众的广泛敬仰,林肯声名远播,成为了美国政坛上冉冉升起的一颗新星,从当初默默无闻的草原律师迅速变为共和党公认的领袖人物,并获得党内总统候选人提名,最终赢得1860年总统大选,成为了19世纪最伟大的历史人物。 本文选取内战前林肯自1854年到1860年间发表的最具有代表性的5次政治演说作为研究对象,旨在探究林肯演讲中对开国之父关于奴隶制观点的引用和诠释的作用及意义。本研究全文分为5个部分。第一章是引言,简要概述了美国总统林肯的历史作用和其重要演说的背景知识。第二章是文献综述,此部分回顾了前人关于林肯和美国国父间的联系的分析研究,并指出论文的研究贡献及新颖之处。第三章和第四章是全文的重点部分。第三章以19世纪50年代的历史为背景,阐述了与林肯同时代关键人物的对于奴隶制的不同历史观点。本章重点研究了林肯在各个演说中如何借用开国之父对待奴隶制的态度来阐述限制奴隶制的必要性的。这五次演说分别为皮奥里亚演说、德雷德·斯科特演说、林肯的“裂屋”演说、林肯与道格拉斯大辩论与库珀学会演说。第四章以《独立宣言》、托马斯·杰弗逊和美国制宪者为例,探究了林肯演说中对史实有选择的引用的局限性,并分析解释了林肯所获的政治支持与上述演讲策略的关系。第五章结论简要分析了林肯演说中展现的政治智慧以及本论文的主要发现。
[Abstract]:Abraham Lincoln was regarded as one of the greatest presidents in American history. He led the country through the Civil War, upheld the federal system, and put an end to slavery, an issue that had survived since the founding of the United States. In the 1850s, before the Civil War, with the expansion of slavery, the debate and struggle over slavery increased and sharpened. In 1854, The Kansas-Nebraska Act, introduced by Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, opened the way for a previously guaranteed free state to become a slave state. Led directly to the establishment of the Republican Party, a relatively radical party to abolish slavery. In 1957, in the Dred Scott judgment, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger Downey, ruled that Neither the Declaration of Independence nor the United States Constitution applies to blacks, once again exacerbating the conflict between the North and the South. It was against this historical backdrop that almost unknown Lincoln returned to the political arena and joined the Republican Party. He spoke five times in important political speeches about the need to limit slavery and eventually eliminate it. In order to prove his claim, Lincoln cited the classics to bring the audience back to the early days of the founding of the country and to relive the attitude of the founding fathers against slavery. At the same time, his ideas perfectly represent the views of many of the Republican centrists. Lincoln's speech won wide admiration from the audience, and Lincoln became famous as a rising star in American politics, rapidly becoming a Republican leader from a little-known prairie lawyer. He won the presidential election in 1860 and became the greatest historical figure in the 19 th century. In this paper, five representative political speeches made by Lincoln from 1854 to 1860 before the Civil War were chosen as the object of study. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and significance of the references and interpretations of the Founding Fathers' views on slavery in Lincoln's speech. This research is divided into five parts. The first chapter is an introduction, which gives a brief overview of the historical role of President Lincoln and the background of his important speech. The second chapter is a literature review, which reviews the previous studies on the relationship between Lincoln and the father of the United States, and points out the contribution and novelty of the research. The third and fourth chapters are the key parts of the paper. The third chapter takes the history of 1850's as the background and expounds different historical viewpoints on slavery of the key figures of Lincoln's time. This chapter focuses on how Lincoln used the father's attitude towards slavery in his speeches to illustrate the need to limit slavery. The five speeches were Peoria speeches, Drayd Scott speeches, Lincoln's "House of crack" speeches, Lincoln and Douglas debate, and Cooper Institute speeches. The fourth chapter takes the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson and the American Constituent as examples to explore the limitations of the selective quotation of historical facts in Lincoln's speech and to explain the relationship between Lincoln's political support and the above-mentioned speech strategies. The fifth chapter briefly analyzes the political wisdom of Lincoln's speech and the main findings of this thesis.
【学位授予单位】:南京大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:D091
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