论亚里士多德的共和政体

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:11

本文选题：亚里士多德 + 政体　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：亚里士多德生活在城邦全面衰落的时代，面对这种衰落，身为贵族的亚里士多德通过借鉴前人对政体的研究成果，并结合自己的调研成果写就了《政治学》，从而在理论上为拯救希腊城邦提供了自己的解决之道。他认为共和政体是在希腊各邦中可以实现的优良政体。这种共和政体主要有以下特征：第一、由平民和寡头组成的混合政体，具有稳定性；第二、以中产阶层为基础；第三、以法治为核心。为了论述共和政体的这三个特点，本文分别从共和政体的政治、社会和法理结构入手，在政治结构方面，笔者主要论述共和政体的含义和组织特征，建立共和政体的正当方法，共和政体发生变革及其原因，共和政体的倾覆和对其的保护措施；在社会结构方面，，笔者主要论述了中产阶级的财产特征和职业特征以及中产阶级具有中庸、节制、理性、少野心、友爱、稳定等特性；在法治结构方面，笔者主要论述了法治的内涵、成文法和习惯法定义、法律的变更、法律与政体的关系、法治的特点，法治是划分各政体的潜在标准。亚里士多德的共和政体思想对后世产生了重要影响。其对后世的影响主要体现：第一、共和政体作为一种混合政体的思想，对西方的混合政体理论产生了极其深远的影响；第二、中产阶级作为共和政体的最重要阶级，对现代社会分层理论和社会构建有着重大意义；第三、共和政体为人类提供了一种模板，这种模板的意义在于它能够为人类提供一种可以在现实社会中实现的优良政体；第四、共和政体的法治思想已经内化到现代政体理论中，成为当今政体不可或缺的部分。从波利比阿到詹姆斯·密尔，亚里士多德的政体理论和共和政体思想的影响无处不在，直至韦伯才超越了以亚里士多德为代表的经典政体分类理论。但可以说，亚里士多德的共和政体思想绝对没有过时，他的中产阶级理论、法治思想和混合政体的原则都将继续对政治实践和政体的发展产生重要影响。
[Abstract]:Aristotle lived in the age of the total decline of the city-state. Facing this decline, Aristotle, as an aristocrat, drew on the achievements of his predecessors in his research on the polity. Political Science is written in combination with his research results, which provides a solution to save the Greek city-state theoretically. He considered the republic to be a fine form of government among the states of Greece. The main features of this republic are as follows: first, a mixture of civilians and oligarchs is stable; second, it is based on the middle class; and third, the rule of law is the core. In order to discuss the three characteristics of the Republican regime, this paper starts with the political, social and legal structure of the Republican regime. In terms of the political structure, the author mainly discusses the meaning and organizational characteristics of the Republican regime and the proper method of establishing the Republican regime. In the aspect of social structure, the author mainly discusses the property and occupation characteristics of the middle class, and the middle class has moderate, moderate and rational characteristics. In terms of the structure of the rule of law, the author mainly discusses the connotation of the rule of law, the definition of statutory law and customary law, the change of law, the relationship between law and government, and the characteristics of the rule of law. The rule of law is a potential criterion for the division of government. Aristotle's thought of republicanism had an important influence on later generations. Its influence on later generations is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the ideology of the republic as a mixed regime has exerted a profound influence on the western theory of mixed government; second, the middle class is the most important class of the republic. It is of great significance to the stratification theory and social construction of modern society. Third, the Republican regime provides a template for mankind, the significance of which is that it can provide mankind with a good regime that can be realized in real society. The thought of ruling by law of the republic has been internalized into the theory of the modern regime and has become an indispensable part of the present regime. From Polubia to James Mill, the influence of Aristotle's theory of polity and republicanism was pervasive, until Webber transcended the classical theory of classification of regimes represented by Aristotle. But it can be said that Aristotle's Republican ideology is absolutely not out of date. His middle-class theory, the rule of law, and the principles of mixed government will continue to have an important impact on political practice and the development of the polity.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B502.233;D033

【参考文献】