论柯亨的平等思想——基于自我所有理论批判的视角

发布时间：2018-06-25 15:27

本文选题：柯亨 + 平等　；参考：《南京大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：柯亨作为分析马克思主义的发起者之一,后半生把主要的学术精力放到了政治哲学研究方面。他的政治哲学以平等主义著称,他本人也被称为“平等主义的良心”。他把平等作为社会主义社会必须坚持的价值,面对自由与平等的矛盾,他选择平等而非自由。柯亨的平等思想包含很多东西,本文主要是基于自我所有理论批判的来柯亨的研究平等思想。基于自我所有理论批判角度的平等思想是柯亨的平等思想的最精华的部分。柯亨实现政治哲学转向的重要原因之一就是自由意志主义者诺齐克的自由意志主义直接对社会主义的平等价值构成了挑战,必须反驳诺齐克的自由意志主义,为社会主义平等辩护。柯亨认为,自我所有理论构成了自由意志主义的理论基础,也构成了罗尔斯正义论为代表的左翼自由主义的基础,甚至构成了马克思主义理论的基础,自我所有理论直接与平等价值矛盾,必须反驳自我所有理论。柯亨反驳自我所有理论经历了一个思维发展过程。面对诺齐克为代表的自由意志主义者对马克思主义的冲击,柯亨着重研究了诺齐克的持有正义理论,反驳了他从程序正义推出结果正义的论证,指出了他对自由概念的误用,这只是初步的反驳诺齐克的观点。通过初步的研究,柯亨认识到自我所有权理论是自由意志主义的理论基础,同时也是左翼自由主义的理论基础,他首先明晰了自我所有权的概念,指出了自我所有权与平等的不可兼容性,否定了任何试图把二者结合的可能。作为马克思主义的研究者,柯亨认为马克思主义也存在自由主义的问题,即以自我所有权为基础。柯亨要想坚持平等的价值,也必须对马克思主义的一些理论进行重新的审视,马克思主义的剥削观和劳动价值论遭受了挑战,它们以自我所有理论为基础。为了坚持平等,就必须否定自我所有权,否定自我所有权也就是要放弃马克思主义的剥削观和劳动价值论。柯亨最后开始了驳倒自我所有权理论的理论探讨,他通过对自我所有权理论的质疑,祛除了自我所有权理论内在的优越性,使它失去了理论吸引力。柯亨认为存在着不坚持自我所有理论也可以在次富裕社会实现平等的可能性。至此,柯亨的基于自我所有理论批判的平等思想基本完成。柯亨对自我所有理论的批判具有重要意义,他消解了自我所有理论的魅力,论述了平等在次富裕社会实现的可能路径。但是他对马克思主义的解读有偏颇。他基于逻辑分析方法来研究平等,使得平等价值实现失去了历史的力量。马克思主义认为社会主义社会追求平等的价值,社会主义把平等作为自己的本质属性之一。在现阶段的社会主义社会,实现的是有限的平等和有限的自由。自由与平等是相容的。柯亨所坚持的平等主义不过是平等的幻象。
[Abstract]:Cohen, one of the originators of the analysis of Marx's doctrine, put his main academic energy into the study of political philosophy in the latter half of his life. His political philosophy is known as egalitarianism. He himself is also known as the "conscience of egalitarianism". He regards equality as the value that socialist society must insist on and faces the contradiction between freedom and equality. He chose equality rather than freedom. Cohen's equality thought contains a lot of things. This article is mainly based on the study of Cohen's equal thought based on the criticism of all the theories of self. The equal thought based on the critical angle of all theory of self is the most essential part of Cohen's equality thought. One of the important reasons of Ke Hengshi's turn of political philosophy is one of the important reasons. Liberialist libertarian Nozick's liberalism directly poses a challenge to the equal value of socialism. It must refute Nozick's liberalism and defend socialist equality.
Cohen believes that the theory of self ownership constitutes the theoretical basis of liberalism, and constitutes the basis of left-wing liberalism represented by Rawls's theory of justice, and even constitutes the basis of the theory of Marx's doctrine. The theory of self ownership is directly contradicted with equal value and must refute all theories of self. Cohen refute all theories of self. It has undergone a process of thinking development. In the face of the impact of Nozick's liberals on Marx's doctrine, Cohen focuses on Nozick's theory of holding justice, refutes his argument from procedural justice, and points out his misuse of the concept of freedom, which is a preliminary refutation of Nozick's view. Through a preliminary study, Cohen realized that the theory of self ownership is the theoretical basis of liberalism and the theoretical basis of left liberalism. First, he clarified the concept of self ownership, pointed out the incompatibility of self ownership and equality, and denied any attempt to combine the two. As Marx The researcher of the doctrine, Cohen believes that Marx doctrine also has the problem of liberalism, that is, on the basis of self ownership. Cohen wants to uphold the value of equality and must reexamine some of the theories of Marx doctrine. Marx's view of exploitation and the theory of labor value have been challenged. They are based on the theory of self ownership. In order to adhere to equality, it is necessary to deny self ownership and deny self ownership is to give up the Marx doctrine of exploitation and labor value. Cohen finally began to dismiss the theory of self ownership. By questioning the theory of self ownership, he dispelled the inherent superiority of the theory of self ownership, It loses its theoretical appeal. Cohen thinks there is a possibility that the theory of self ownership can also be equal in the second rich society. At this point, Cohen's equality based on the theory of self - ownership is basically completed.
Cohen's criticism of all theories of self is of great significance. He dissolves the charm of all the theories of his own and discusses the possible path of equality in the realization of the second rich society. But he has a biased interpretation of Marx's doctrine. He studies equality based on the logic analysis method and makes the equal value lose the power of history. Marx It thinks that socialist society seeks the value of equality, and socialism regards equality as one of its essential attributes. In the present stage of socialist society, it is limited equality and limited freedom. Freedom and equality are compatible. The egalitarianism that Cohen insists is only the illusion of equality.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

【共引文献】