现代性转型背景下的权力与建筑—广州黄花岗烈士陵园建筑空间的政治话语与政治仪式（1911-1927）

发布时间：2018-06-26 14:36

本文选题：现代性 + 权力　；参考：《南京大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑空间并非空洞的物质堆砌,其构想、生成、改造、破坏、修葺乃至毁灭的过程牵涉到当时各种社会主体之间的复杂互动与博弈,展现出一幅幅隐秘而生动的社会图景。建筑空间是政治主体传达政治理念的重要通道和载体。自古以来,掌权者都会有意识或无意识地借助建筑与空间将不可见的政治意志凝固化、可视化,从而捕捉受众的想象力,达到教化、统治的目的。自近代以来,中国受西方影响,诸多具有浓厚政治意味的公共空间相继涌现,政治主体通过空间的安排、重组和支配将政治理念和意识形态传输到社会的角落,运用空间中的象征符号、政治内涵对受众进行潜移默化地社会涵化,使得公共空间成为实施社会教化、重塑国民的重要阵地。观察建筑空间的宏观布置和微观细节有助于理解权力主体的理念、意志与目的,回溯历史中的仪式安排与演出则展示了政治性公共空间的运作机制,静态的凝固语言和动态的仪式想象不仅仅是为了增添理解历史中政治的一个维度,也是对现实政治机制的关照,更是对政治现代化发展的终极关怀。首先,文章通过厘清“现代”、“现代性”、“现代化”等相关概念,关注西方政治现代化进程与城市、建筑、空间转型之间的关系,以及中国作为现代化后发国家在近代以来的变化动向。中国疆域辽阔,受到西方影响的程度不一,本文的地理研究领域大至岭南,中至广东,小至广州,考察这一地域独特的地方性、国家性与世界性特征。民国初创时期,国民党政权在广州这个核心基地进行了大刀阔斧的城市改造,将政权的理想灌输至实体的建筑空间。进而,文章在全球现代性转型背景下提出了权力界与建筑界关系的全新隐喻模型,归纳为恒星——行星模型、双星互动模型、混合恒星模型,同时归纳出模型之间的转化条件以及特殊情况,在此解释框架下,梳理民国初期的权力界与建筑界的角色、思想与意志。继而,本文观察范围进一步缩小至广州黄花岗七十二烈士陵园这一具体的案例,将目光聚焦于1911年至1927年间黄花岗七十二烈士陵园的两组核心建筑,分析其每一个建筑细节和空间设置的渊源和用意,透视其背后政治主体的思想和目的。黄花岗烈士陵园是中国现代意义纪念性公共空间的滥觞,革命党人(国民党人)试图通过建筑空间中外显的西方风格与内隐的中国元素,借传统文化与西方精神之势,展示其在海外之力量,铺陈未来国家的蓝图,进而达到传输理念,团结党员,激励民众,破旧立新,巩固权威的目的。此外,黄花岗烈士陵园由一块普通的墓地到神圣的纪念性公共空间,中间经历了一个艰难的意义转换过程,革命党人(国民党人)不遗余力地通过各种途径和方式提高空间的神圣意义。本文通过分析国民党在神圣化陵园空间中操办的政治仪式以及仪式规模背后的政治意义,透视权力主体借助空间和程序的刻意安排以宣扬政治理念和意识形态；传达革命理想和目标；动员党众教化民众重塑国民；传承社会历史记忆；增强政权合法性权威的运作机制。
[Abstract]:The building space is not an empty material stack. The process of conception, generation, transformation, destruction, repair and even destruction involves complex interaction and game between the various social subjects at that time, showing a mysterious and vivid social picture. The architectural space is an important channel and carrier for political ideas to reach political ideas. Since ancient times, the palms have been held. The right holders will be consciously or unconsciously with the help of the building and space to solidify and visualize the unvisible political will, so as to capture the imagination of the audience and to achieve the purpose of enlightenment and rule. Since modern times, China has been influenced by the west, and many public spaces with strong political implications have emerged, and the political subject has been arranged through space. Group and domination transfer political ideas and ideology to the corner of the society, use symbolic symbols in space and the political connotation to imperceptible social acculturation to the audience, making public space become an important position for the implementation of social education and remolding the people. Observing the macro layout and micro details of the building space will help to understand the main body of power. The idea, the will and the purpose, the ritual arrangement and the performance in the backtracking history show the operating mechanism of the political public space. The static solidification language and the dynamic ritual imagination are not only to add a dimension to the understanding of politics in history, but also a reflection on the political mechanism of the reality, and the ultimate key to the development of political modernization. First, by clarifying the concepts of "modern", "Modernity" and "modernization", the article pays attention to the relationship between the process of Western political modernization and the city, the architecture and the transformation of space, as well as the changing trend of China as a modern post modern country in modern times. The field of geography is large to south of the Five Ridges, middle to Guangdong, and to Guangzhou, to investigate the unique locality, national and world characteristics of this region. During the initial period of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang regime carried out a massive urban transformation in the core base of Guangzhou, filling the ideal of the regime into the building space of the entity. Then, the article was in the global modern period. Under the background of sexual transition, a new metaphorical model of the relationship between the power circle and the architectural circle is proposed. It is summed up as star - planet model, double star interaction model and mixed star model. At the same time, the transformation conditions and special circumstances are summed up. In this framework, the role of power and architecture in the early Republic of China, ideas and will are combed. Then, the scope of this article is further reduced to the concrete case of the Huanghua Gang seventy-two martyr cemetery in Guangzhou, focusing on the two core buildings of the Huanghua Gang seventy-two martyr cemetery from 1911 to 1927, and analyzing the origin and meaning of every architectural detail and space setting and the perspective of the thoughts and objectives of the political subject behind it. The Huanghua Gang martyr cemetery is the origin of the commemorative public space of modern significance in China. The Revolutionary Party (Kuomintang people) tried to display the power of the overseas Chinese by the western style and the implicit Chinese elements in the building space by the traditional culture and the western spirit, and spread the blueprint of the future country, and then reached the idea of transmission. In addition, in the middle of the Huanghua Gang cemetery from a common cemetery to the sacred Memorial public space, the middle of the Huanghua Gang martyr's cemetery has experienced a difficult process of meaning transformation, and the Revolutionary Party (Kuomintang) has spared no effort to improve the sacred meaning of space. The political rites of the Kuomintang in the sacred cemetery space and the political significance behind the scale of the ritual were analyzed. The political ideas and ideology were publicized by the main body of power by means of space and procedure; the ideal and goal of the revolution were conveyed, and the masses were mobilized to reshape the people; to inherit the social and historical memory; The operational mechanism of the authority of the legitimacy of the strong regime.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D0

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