正当性的自我生产——侧重晚清民初政治话语结构的转型

发布时间：2018-07-07 11:41

  本文选题：政治正当性 + 开明专制　； 参考：《天津社会科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：近世中国和欧洲都经历了政教结构的解体,但是在新结构的生成路径上,两者的走向却大相径庭。欧洲在宗教改革造成"教"的分裂后,各国官僚借助民主话语重塑自身正当性,生成了一种新的共同体权力。政教体制虽然被放弃,但基督教仍可大体维系民间秩序,两种权力模式之间基本相安无事。中国晚清士人以个人本位的欧式民主为基准,将政教相联、治道分离的本土政治秩序视为专制。但在反专制的进程中,传统治道分离的思想体系被改造成政教合一的新结构,政治话语从"反专制"转向"开明专制"继而又转向"反专制",政治实践中政府却得以借助民主和科学话语进行正当性的自我生产,并不断面向民间扩权。话语和实践的多重裂变、调适和重构,塑造了中国近世历史的一个基本悖论,即反专制话语始终占主流的近世中国却生成了一个更集权的政府。
[Abstract]:In modern times, both China and Europe have experienced the disintegration of church and state structure, but the trend of the new structure is quite different. After the division of religion caused by religious reform in Europe, bureaucrats in various countries reshaped their legitimacy with the help of democratic discourse, and created a new kind of community power. Although the political and religious system is abandoned, Christianity can still maintain civil order in general, and the two modes of power are basically in peace with each other. The scholars in the late Qing Dynasty regarded the local political order of the separation of state and religion as autocracy on the basis of European democracy of individual standard. However, in the process of anti-autocracy, the traditional ideological system of separation of governance and Taoism was transformed into a new structure of integration of government and religion. The political discourse changed from "anti-autocracy" to "enlightened autocracy" and then to "anti-autocracy". In political practice, however, the government was able to carry out legitimate self-production with the help of democratic and scientific discourse, and to continuously expand its power towards the people. The multiple fission, adjustment and reconstruction of discourse and practice have shaped a basic paradox in China's modern history, that is, the anti-autocratic discourse has always been the mainstream of modern China, but has produced a more centralized government.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：D092
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本文编号：2104852