霍布斯与洛克的社会契约论之比较

发布时间：2018-07-07 23:29

本文选题：霍布斯 + 洛克　；参考：《江西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代西方思想家的社会契约论,是一种比较系统地论述国家的起源、国家的性质以及国家公共事务基本原则等国家问题的理论,且是对后世的资本主义发展影响深刻的政治哲学理论。其中,霍布斯和洛克的社会契约论思想在近代西方政治哲学发展过程中占有重要的地位,是政治哲学思想的一份珍贵遗产。霍布斯和洛克的社会契约论思想尽管具有相近的历史背景与思想渊源,但是由于他们在哲学基础、契约内容、契约特征、理论归宿等方面存在差异,因而推导出两种完全不同的政府形态。就哲学基础而言,霍布斯认为人性恶,其支撑的哲学基础是机械唯物论;而洛克则认为人性本善,其支撑的哲学基础是经验主义。在契约内容上,霍布斯认为人们通过授权的方式转让了自己全部的权利;而洛克则强调人们通过信托的方式转让自己部分的权利。在契约特征上,霍布斯坚持专制与集权主权者不受契约约束,拥有绝对的权力;而洛克主张法治与分权,认为人民有自己的天赋人权,认为人民拥有反抗的权力。他们所主张的契约精神对当今中国的发展仍有启示。
[Abstract]:The social contract theory of modern western thinkers is a theory that systematically discusses the origin, nature and basic principles of national public affairs. And it is a political philosophy theory that has a profound influence on the development of capitalism in later generations. Among them, Hobbes and Locke's theory of social contract plays an important role in the development of modern western political philosophy and is a precious heritage of political philosophy. Although Hobbes and Locke's thoughts on social contract have similar historical background and ideological origin, they differ from each other in terms of philosophical basis, contract content, contractual characteristics, theoretical fate, and so on. Therefore, two completely different forms of government have been deduced. As far as philosophical basis is concerned Hobbes holds that human nature is evil and its philosophical basis is mechanical materialism while Locke thinks that human nature is originally good and its philosophical basis is empiricism. In the content of the contract, Hobbes believes that people transfer all their rights by way of authorization, while Locke emphasizes that people transfer part of their rights through trust. On the characteristics of contract Hobbes insisted that the autocratic and totalitarian sovereign had absolute power without the restriction of contract while Locke advocated the rule of law and separation of powers and believed that the people had their own natural human rights and that the people had the power to resist. The spirit of contract that they advocate still has enlightenment to the development of today's China.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

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