柏拉图政治思想转变研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 20:57
【摘要】：柏拉图是希腊乃至全世界最著名的政治学家、哲学家之一,作为希腊三贤之一,他的政治哲学思想曾影响了欧洲近两千年政治思想的发展。柏拉图的政治思想从他青年时期算起到他逝世共经历了四个阶段、三次转变。他每个阶段的政治思想分别体现在《第七封信》、《理想国》、《政治家篇》和《法律篇》等作品中。本文通过对上述作品的解读,分别论述了柏拉图在各个阶段的政治思想以及政治思想的转变。在《第七封信》中,柏拉图以自述的形式说明了自己早期支持民主又摒弃了民主的缘由;在《理想国》中,柏拉图总结了现实政体的弊病,转而设想了一个以“哲学王”为构建核心,以正义为根本原则和目标的理想城邦。至此,柏拉图的政治思想实现了第一次转变。第二次转变体现在《政治家篇》中,柏拉图从定义“政治家”入手,先构建了一种无法的理念统治重申“有哲学的统治”是最好的,后在承认法律虽有弊端但在现实中仍是最优选择的基础上,又提出了一种有法的次优统治。到了《法律篇》,柏拉图的政治思想又有了第三次转变,他一方面延续了法律在现实中是最佳选择的看法,另一方面,他也看到法不是实现正义的绝对保证,于是又在法治的基础上加入了分权制衡的混合政体的成分。引起柏拉图政治思想转变的原因主要有以下两个方面:其一是现实政治经历让他对现实政治失望的同时又渴望通过改造政体建立一个正义的城邦;其二是哲学方面的自我反思让他跳出了苏格拉底式的纯理念世界,给政治哲学研究注入了现实性考量。柏拉图政治思想的转变主要是围绕着权力与法律进行的,但同时,他思想的每一次转变都没有脱离正义的宗旨。作为一个著名的政治学家,他每次思想转变都对政治学发展产生了重要的影响。
[Abstract]:Plato is one of the most famous political scientists and philosophers in Greece and even the world. As one of the three sages of Greece, his political philosophy thought influenced the development of political thought in Europe in 2000 years. Plato's political thought went through four stages and three changes from his youth to his death. His political thoughts at each stage are reflected in the seventh letter, the Republic, the statesmen, and the Law. Through the interpretation of the above works, this paper discusses Plato's political thought and the transformation of political thought in each stage. In the seventh letter, Plato explains the reasons for his early support for and rejection of democracy in the form of a self-description; in the Republic, Plato sums up the ills of the real polity. Instead, it envisions an ideal city-state with "the king of philosophy" as its core and justice as its fundamental principle and goal. At this point, Plato's political thought realized the first transformation. The second shift is reflected in the statesman, when Plato begins by defining "statesman" and begins with the creation of an unthinkable kind of idealistic rule that reaffirms that "rule with philosophy" is the best. On the basis of admitting that the law is the best choice though it has some drawbacks, this paper puts forward a kind of suboptimal rule with law. By the time of the Law, Plato's political thought had changed again for the third time. On the one hand, he continued the view that law was the best choice in reality; on the other hand, he also saw that law was not an absolute guarantee of the realization of justice. Thus, on the basis of the rule of law, a mixture of checks and balances was added. There are two main reasons for the change of Plato's political thought: one is that he is disappointed by realistic political experience and eager to establish a just city-state through reforming the polity; Second, the philosophical self-reflection made him jump out of the world of Socrates' pure ideas and injected realistic considerations into the study of political philosophy. The transformation of Plato's political thought mainly revolves around power and law, but at the same time, every change of his thought is not divorced from the aim of justice. As a famous political scientist, he had an important influence on the development of political science every time he changed his ideas.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2120719
[Abstract]:Plato is one of the most famous political scientists and philosophers in Greece and even the world. As one of the three sages of Greece, his political philosophy thought influenced the development of political thought in Europe in 2000 years. Plato's political thought went through four stages and three changes from his youth to his death. His political thoughts at each stage are reflected in the seventh letter, the Republic, the statesmen, and the Law. Through the interpretation of the above works, this paper discusses Plato's political thought and the transformation of political thought in each stage. In the seventh letter, Plato explains the reasons for his early support for and rejection of democracy in the form of a self-description; in the Republic, Plato sums up the ills of the real polity. Instead, it envisions an ideal city-state with "the king of philosophy" as its core and justice as its fundamental principle and goal. At this point, Plato's political thought realized the first transformation. The second shift is reflected in the statesman, when Plato begins by defining "statesman" and begins with the creation of an unthinkable kind of idealistic rule that reaffirms that "rule with philosophy" is the best. On the basis of admitting that the law is the best choice though it has some drawbacks, this paper puts forward a kind of suboptimal rule with law. By the time of the Law, Plato's political thought had changed again for the third time. On the one hand, he continued the view that law was the best choice in reality; on the other hand, he also saw that law was not an absolute guarantee of the realization of justice. Thus, on the basis of the rule of law, a mixture of checks and balances was added. There are two main reasons for the change of Plato's political thought: one is that he is disappointed by realistic political experience and eager to establish a just city-state through reforming the polity; Second, the philosophical self-reflection made him jump out of the world of Socrates' pure ideas and injected realistic considerations into the study of political philosophy. The transformation of Plato's political thought mainly revolves around power and law, but at the same time, every change of his thought is not divorced from the aim of justice. As a famous political scientist, he had an important influence on the development of political science every time he changed his ideas.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
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