西欧共产党与社会党变革的比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 02:04
【摘要】：现代意义上的政党是人类进入资本主义社会之后才出现的政治组织。纵观政党300多年的发展史,可以看出政党一直在发生着变革,变革是政党应对时代变化的战略选择。在政党的不断变革中,政党的意识形态逐渐淡化,政策主张日益趋同,活动方式上有采取联合的趋势,同时也都在不断扩大阶级基础。对于一些原则性的问题,各政党之间的对立和分歧逐渐消失。虽然政党的变革进程和幅度不尽相同,但是不断趋于中间化是当今和以后政党变革的一种趋势。 论文研究的核心落脚于政党变革,其中重点在于二战后政党变革的情况,同时选取了西欧共产党和社会党作为研究对象,论文选择了四个层面来进行比较即：意识形态、政策主张、活动方式以及阶级基础。试图通过对二者的比较分析出政党变革过程中的一般规律。在研究方法上,论文主要采用比较分析法,在对西欧共产党与社会党对比的过程中阐明二者的特点。本文主要有六部分,主要内容如下： 第一章导论部分首先说明本选题的研究背景与研究意义,之后是研究综述,简述有关西欧共产党与社会党这一问题的国内外研究现状、最后是研究内容及研究方法。 第二章主要介绍政党变革的基本理论及欧洲政党变革的概况,其中涉及到政党变革的涵义,政党变革的背景以及必要性,最后是关于政党变革的几点结论,这一章的内容主要从理论层面来对政党变革进行一个宏观上的把握。 第三章是对西欧共产党与社会党在意识形态变革方面的比较。论文论述了二者意识形态变革的过程,西欧共产党与社会党虽有着共同的起源,但在发展过程中二者的理论基础、阶级性质和奋斗目标都有所区别。 第四章是对西欧共产党与社会党在政策主张调整上的比较。在改革进程中,共产党与社会党都强调维护社会公正,反对资本主义制度,主张混合经济,同时重视党内民主建设。不同之处主要体现在政策的大众性程度以及对公有制的态度上。 第五章是对西欧共产党与社会党在活动方式上变革的比较。二者都加强与其它政党的联合,作为选举性政党,大力争夺选民。不同点在于对右翼和左翼政党的态度问题。 第六章是对西欧共产党与社会党在阶级基础变革上的比较。共产党与社会党都是社会中下层利益的代表,在党的发展上面临着种种困难和挑战；但是社会党的阶级基础更为广泛,二者对于中产阶级的关注程度也有所不同。 结语主要对前面六章的内容进行一个总结：西欧资本主义国家的社会矛盾从根本上决定了共产党与社会党不同的政治命运；政党应对客观环境变化时所具有的主观能动性关系到党的生存发展；不断趋于中间化是当今政党变革的趋势。
[Abstract]:The political party in the modern sense is the political organization which only appeared after the human being entered the capitalist society. Looking at the history of the political parties for more than 300 years, we can see that the political parties have been undergoing changes, which is the strategic choice for the political parties to cope with the changes of the times. In the constant change of the political party, the ideology of the political party is gradually desalinated, the policy proposition is converging day by day, the way of activity has the tendency of adopting the union, and at the same time, the class foundation has been constantly expanded. For some issues of principle, the opposition and differences between the political parties gradually disappeared. Although the change process and range of political parties are not the same, it is a trend of political party reform that tends to be intermediate. The core of the thesis is party change, in which the focus is on the political party change after the second world war. At the same time, the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party are chosen as the object of study. The thesis chooses four levels to compare: ideology. Policy proposition, mode of activity, and class basis. This paper attempts to analyze the general law in the process of political party reform by comparing the two. In terms of research methods, the paper mainly adopts comparative analysis to clarify the characteristics of the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the process of comparing them. There are six parts in this paper. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the research background and significance of this topic, and then summarizes the research. This paper briefly introduces the domestic and international research status of the issue of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe, and finally, the research contents and research methods. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of political party change and the general situation of political party change in Europe, which involves the meaning of political party change, the background and necessity of political party change, and finally some conclusions about political party change. The content of this chapter mainly from the theory level to carry on a macroscopic grasp to the political party reform. The third chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in ideological reform. Though the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party share the same origin, the theoretical basis, class nature and struggle goal of the two parties are different in the course of their development. The fourth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the adjustment of policy. In the process of reform, both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party emphasize safeguarding social justice, opposing the capitalist system, advocating mixed economy, and attaching importance to the construction of inner-party democracy. The differences are mainly reflected in the popularity of the policy and the attitude to public ownership. The fifth chapter is a comparison of the changes in the way the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe. Both strengthen the alliance with other political parties, as electoral parties, vigorously compete for voters. The difference lies in attitudes towards the right and left-wing parties. The sixth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the reform of class foundation. Both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party are representatives of the interests of the middle and lower strata of society and face various difficulties and challenges in the development of the Party, but the class basis of the Socialist Party is more extensive, and their attention to the middle class is also different. The conclusion mainly summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters: the social contradictions in the capitalist countries of Western Europe fundamentally determine the different political fate of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party; The subjective initiative of the political party in responding to the change of the objective environment is related to the survival and development of the party, and the tendency of the political party reform is towards the middle.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D05
本文编号：2128539
[Abstract]:The political party in the modern sense is the political organization which only appeared after the human being entered the capitalist society. Looking at the history of the political parties for more than 300 years, we can see that the political parties have been undergoing changes, which is the strategic choice for the political parties to cope with the changes of the times. In the constant change of the political party, the ideology of the political party is gradually desalinated, the policy proposition is converging day by day, the way of activity has the tendency of adopting the union, and at the same time, the class foundation has been constantly expanded. For some issues of principle, the opposition and differences between the political parties gradually disappeared. Although the change process and range of political parties are not the same, it is a trend of political party reform that tends to be intermediate. The core of the thesis is party change, in which the focus is on the political party change after the second world war. At the same time, the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party are chosen as the object of study. The thesis chooses four levels to compare: ideology. Policy proposition, mode of activity, and class basis. This paper attempts to analyze the general law in the process of political party reform by comparing the two. In terms of research methods, the paper mainly adopts comparative analysis to clarify the characteristics of the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the process of comparing them. There are six parts in this paper. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the research background and significance of this topic, and then summarizes the research. This paper briefly introduces the domestic and international research status of the issue of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe, and finally, the research contents and research methods. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of political party change and the general situation of political party change in Europe, which involves the meaning of political party change, the background and necessity of political party change, and finally some conclusions about political party change. The content of this chapter mainly from the theory level to carry on a macroscopic grasp to the political party reform. The third chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in ideological reform. Though the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party share the same origin, the theoretical basis, class nature and struggle goal of the two parties are different in the course of their development. The fourth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the adjustment of policy. In the process of reform, both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party emphasize safeguarding social justice, opposing the capitalist system, advocating mixed economy, and attaching importance to the construction of inner-party democracy. The differences are mainly reflected in the popularity of the policy and the attitude to public ownership. The fifth chapter is a comparison of the changes in the way the Communist Party and the Socialist Party in Western Europe. Both strengthen the alliance with other political parties, as electoral parties, vigorously compete for voters. The difference lies in attitudes towards the right and left-wing parties. The sixth chapter is the comparison between the Communist Party of Western Europe and the Socialist Party in the reform of class foundation. Both the Communist Party and the Socialist Party are representatives of the interests of the middle and lower strata of society and face various difficulties and challenges in the development of the Party, but the class basis of the Socialist Party is more extensive, and their attention to the middle class is also different. The conclusion mainly summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters: the social contradictions in the capitalist countries of Western Europe fundamentally determine the different political fate of the Communist Party and the Socialist Party; The subjective initiative of the political party in responding to the change of the objective environment is related to the survival and development of the party, and the tendency of the political party reform is towards the middle.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D05
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