孙中山、毛泽东宪政思想比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 14:10

【摘要】：近现代意义上的宪政是西方政治发展和法律文明演进的产物。宪政之于中国,虽然是近代以来才流入的舶来品,但经过中国文化一百多年的洗礼以及中国共产党人九十年的不懈追求,当下的中国宪政已具备其特有的内在品格,成为我党正确处理各种社会关系的基本方法。对我党正确处理党政、党法关系,带领全国各族人民构建社会主义和谐社会,具有巨大的促进作用。进行当代中国的宪政建设就必须对中国宪政或宪法历史发展给予关注,就像毛泽东曾说过的:“中国人民是马克思主义的历史主义者,我们无论是搞革命还是搞建设都应该以历史为参照,总结历史的经验教训,从而对优秀的东西予以继承。”[1]纵观中国的宪法或宪政的发展史,可以分析得出,在近代中国,孙中山、毛泽东的宪政思想具备了更多得完整性和系统性。关注中国宪法或宪政的历史,就不能不关注孙中山毛泽东的宪政思想及其实践问题。在近现代中国,具有较为系统而完整宪政思想的政治家中不可缺少的是孙中山和毛泽东,研究他们的宪政思想,其目的不仅在于探讨其独到的见解和深刻的思想内涵,更在于其深远的意义,这些值得都我们深入细致地学习与研究。同时孙中山、毛泽东在宪政问题上的一些不足也是本文探讨的问题之一。孙中山、毛泽东在不同的历史时期围绕这一问题形成的对法治、民主、自由、平等等思想的不同看法,以及他们的宪政思想的实践结果,形成了他们既有区别又有联系的宪政思想。本文从追溯宪政思想的历史渊源出发,探究了孙中山、毛泽东宪政思想的基本内容,认为他们在不同时期的宪政思想有着共同的基本精神。在论述其共同点的基础上,分析了他们对法治、民主、自由、平等思想的不同看法,以及他们宪政思想的特点和价值所在等方面的差异,并对其不同的理论风格进行了评述。在依法治国,建设有中国特色社会主义法治国家的今天,重新回顾和研究孙中山、毛泽东的宪政思想,对于今天丰富和发展新时期的宪政建设具有重大的理论指导意义。
[Abstract]:Constitutional government in the modern sense is the product of the western political development and legal civilization evolution. Although constitutionalism is an import in China only since modern times, after more than 100 years of baptism of Chinese culture and the unremitting pursuit of the Chinese Communists for 90 years, the present Chinese constitutionalism has its own inherent character. Become our party correctly deal with all kinds of social relations of the basic method. It plays an important role in correctly handling the Party and government, the relationship between the Party and law, and leading the people of all ethnic groups in China to build a harmonious socialist society. To carry out the constitutional construction of contemporary China, we must pay attention to the constitutional government or the historical development of the constitution of China. As Mao Zedong once said, "the Chinese people are Marxist historicists. Whether we are engaged in revolution or construction, we should take history as a reference and sum up the experience and lessons of history so as to inherit the excellent things. "[1] looking at the history of China's constitution or constitutional development, we can conclude that in modern China, Sun Zhongshan, Mao Zedong's constitutional thought has more integrity and systematicness. To pay close attention to the constitution of China or the history of constitutionalism, we cannot but pay attention to the constitutional thought and its practice of Sun Zhongshan Mao Zedong. In modern China, Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong are the indispensable statesmen with systematic and complete constitutional thought. The purpose of studying their constitutional thought is not only to probe into their original opinions and profound ideological connotation. More in its profound significance, these are worth our in-depth and meticulous study and research. At the same time, Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong are also one of the problems discussed in this paper. Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong formed different views on the thought of rule of law, democracy, freedom and equality around this problem in different historical periods, as well as the practical results of their constitutional thought. They formed both the difference and the connection of constitutional thought. Starting from the historical origin of constitutionalism thought, this paper probes into the basic contents of Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong's constitutionalism thought, and thinks that their constitutionalism thought in different periods has the same basic spirit. On the basis of discussing their common points, this paper analyzes their different views on the thought of rule of law, democracy, freedom and equality, as well as their differences in the characteristics and values of their constitutional thoughts, and comments on their different theoretical styles. With the rule of law and the construction of a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics, it is of great theoretical significance to review and study the constitutional thoughts of Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong in order to enrich and develop the constitutionalism construction in the new period today.
【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092;D693.0;A841.6

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