洛克有限政府理论及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:44

【摘要】：约翰·洛克（John Locke，1632——1704），西方近代自由主义思想的奠基者，第一次对有限政府进行了系统的阐述，在西方政治思想史上产生了深远的影响。能够体现洛克政府理论的著作当属《政府论》，它汇集了洛克的主要政治哲学思想，不仅使洛克成为古典自由主义思想的集大成者，而且开创了西方政治制度走向宪政的文化传统。洛克在《政府论》中提出的政府产生于权利的让渡、政府的目的是保障个人的财产权、政治权力需要限制等思想为有限政府的构建提供了充实的理论根据，同时也对进入权利时代的各个国家政府改革具有一定的启示意义。本文首先在引言部分对研究洛克有限政府思想的成果进行综述，简要论述洛克的政治思想对当代中国的启示意义，引出有限政府研究的理论意义与实践价值。文章的正文主要分为三部分：第一部分：主要论述洛克有限政府思想的溯源，某个理论的提出必定有其特定原因，从其产生的时代背景和理论基础入手来进行论述，为深入理解有限政府理论提供有价值的根据。第二部分：通过对《政府论》的解读来阐述洛克有限政府的内容和观点，主要从洛克对政府权力实行限制的必要性诉求，有限政府的内部配置、外部约束的制约模式以及政府权力的保守性等方面进行论述。对政府权力进行限制的同时，还应该提示有限政府不是权力被紧紧限制的弱政府，政府应该保留必要的权力，才能有效发挥政府为公众谋福利的功能。通过对有限政府内容的深入解读，得出既要限制政府的权力，，又要保留必要的职能权限，才是洛克有限政府本质诉求的结论。第三部分：对洛克有限政府思想作出简要评述，结合我国政府职能改革实践，充分发掘有限政府理论的有益成分，重点提取其国家法治化和限制政府权力的思想，为构建社会主义法治政府和服务型政府提供理论指导和价值依据。
[Abstract]:John Lockeg (1632-1704), the founder of western modern liberalism, first systematically expounded the limited government, and had a profound influence in the history of western political thought. The works which can embody Locke's theory of government belong to the Theory of Government, which brings together Locke's main political philosophy, and not only makes Locke become the epitome of classical liberalism. And has initiated the western political system to move towards the constitutionalism cultural tradition. Locke put forward in the Theory of Government that the government arises from the transfer of rights, the purpose of the government is to protect the individual's property rights, the political power needs to restrict and so on, which provides a substantial theoretical basis for the construction of the limited government. At the same time, it also has certain enlightening significance to the government reform of each country in the era of right. In the introduction part, this paper summarizes the achievements of the research on Locke's limited government thought, briefly discusses the enlightening significance of Locke's political thought to contemporary China, and leads to the theoretical significance and practical value of the study of limited government. The main body of the article is divided into three parts: the first part: mainly discusses the origin of Locke's limited government thought, a certain theory must have its specific reasons, starting from its background and theoretical basis to discuss. It provides a valuable basis for further understanding the theory of limited government. The second part explains the content and viewpoint of Locke's limited government through the interpretation of the Theory of Government, mainly from the necessity of Locke's restriction of government power, the internal disposition of limited government. The restrictive mode of external constraints and the conservatism of government power are discussed. At the same time, the limited government should be reminded that the limited government is not the weak government whose power is tightly restricted. The government should retain the necessary power in order to give full play to the function of the government for the public welfare. Through the in-depth interpretation of the content of limited government, it is concluded that the essence of Locke's limited government is to restrict the power of the government and to retain the necessary functional authority at the same time. The third part makes a brief comment on Locke's thought of limited government, combines with the practice of government function reform in our country, fully excavates the beneficial elements of the theory of limited government, and emphatically extracts his thoughts of ruling by law and restricting the power of government. It provides theoretical guidance and value basis for the construction of socialist government ruled by law and service-oriented government.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D091;B561.24

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