洛克政治哲学中的自然法与政治义务的根基

发布时间：2018-08-11 15:48

【摘要】：洛克认为人们自愿同意是他们负有政治义务的必要条件;但对人们为什么要受政治义务约束这个政治义务根基问题的解释,诉诸人们的自愿同意抑或人们之间相互的自然平等的这种道德意识和道德理解,都是不足够的。洛克认为人们接受正当政府法律规则约束的义务的最终原因,要经由守诺的自然义务最终追溯到自然法本身才能获得合理的理解。至于那些未明确表示加入社会契约服从政府但又生活在该政治社会之中的非公民成员的义务问题,诉诸正义的自然义务比洛克提出的默认同意的解决方案,在理论上更加合理同时实践上也能保证社会成员的正义合作能有效开展。洛克政治义务的基础,以及由于他对自愿同意的强调带来的非正式社会成员的义务问题,都只能在其自然法理论中才能得到合理的理解或更好的解决。
[Abstract]:Locke believes that voluntary consent is a necessary condition for people to have a political obligation; but the explanation of why people are bound by political obligations is fundamental. It is not enough to resort to this moral consciousness and moral understanding of voluntary consent or natural equality between people. Locke believes that the ultimate reason for people to accept the obligation to be bound by the legal rules of a proper government can be reasonably understood only by tracing back to the natural law itself the natural obligation of keeping promise. As for the question of the obligations of non-citizens who have not explicitly expressed their commitment to join the social contract from the Government but who live in the political society, the natural obligation to resort to justice is more than the tacit consent solution proposed by Locke. More reasonable in theory and practice can also ensure that the social members of the justice cooperation can be effectively carried out. The basis of Locke's political obligation and the problem of the obligations of informal members brought about by his emphasis on voluntary consent can only be reasonably understood or better solved in his theory of natural law.
【作者单位】：南京大学政治学系;
【基金】：南京大学2014年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(206214275)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D0

【共引文献】