资本批判视域中的马克思国家观研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 09:31

【摘要】：马克思在探索人类社会历史发展规律、创建唯物史观的过程中,对国家的本质属性及其演进规律作了深刻阐释。尽管马克思未能为后人留下专门论述国家问题的著作,但他关于国家的阐述却广泛存在于他的各种著作中,为后人解读其国家观提供了宝贵的文本资料。马克思的资本批判理论与其国家观之间存在着紧密的联系。本文对马克思国家观的萌芽、创立、完善作了梳理,重点揭示了马克思的国家观与资本批判之间的内在联系,并由此阐明了马克思国家观的当代意义。文章分为三个部分：第一章,西方国家哲学以及马克思的批判。主要探讨了西方最具代表性的三种国家理论以及马克思西方哲学中的国家观的批判及其视域。第二章,马克思国家观的创立与完善。通过追溯马克思从现代社会的政治哲学批判到现代社会的历史哲学批判,再到现代社会的政治经济学批判的思想运演过程,较为系统地剖析和梳理了马克思国家观的萌芽、创立和完善过程。(1)政治哲学批判对理性国家的质疑以及对市民社会的分析,推动马克思从理性国家观向唯物主义国家观的转变；(2)历史哲学批判对于物质生产关系在社会诸因素中的重要作用的分析,进一步推动了马克思唯物主义国家观的创建,即发现了国家作为“虚幻的共同体”的阶级性实质；(3)政治经济学批判则对国家与资本之间的关系作了深入系统的剖析,并由此阐发了马克思对现代国家的实质与基本特征的科学理解。第三章,阐述了马克思国家观的当代意义。马克思国家观的当代意义在于为洞察“新的世界秩序”提供了科学的理论基础；为我国社会主义民主政治建设提供了方法论指导；为建设“和谐世界”和人类探寻自由解放之路指明了方向。
[Abstract]:In the course of exploring the law of the historical development of human society and creating historical materialism, Marx made a profound explanation of the essential attribute of the country and its evolution law. Although Marx failed to leave his works on national issues for later generations, his exposition on the state existed widely in his various works, which provided valuable textual materials for the posterity to interpret his concept of state. There is a close relation between Marx's theory of capital criticism and his view of state. This paper combs the germination, creation and perfection of Marx's concept of state, emphatically reveals the internal relation between Marx's view of state and critique of capital, and thus clarifies the contemporary significance of Marx's view of state. The article is divided into three parts: the first chapter, Western philosophy and Marx's criticism. This paper mainly discusses the three most representative state theories in the West and the critique and scope of the state view in Marx's western philosophy. The second chapter, the establishment and perfection of Marx's concept of state. By tracing back to the ideological process of Marx's criticism of political philosophy in modern society to historical philosophy in modern society, and to the criticism of political economy in modern society, this paper systematically analyzes and combs the germination of Marx's concept of state. (1) the criticism of political philosophy has questioned the rational country and analyzed the civil society, which has promoted Marx's transformation from rational state to materialistic state; (2) the analysis of the important role of historical philosophical criticism on the relations of material production in various social factors has further promoted the establishment of Marxist materialist view of the state, that is, the discovery of the class nature of the state as an "illusory community"; (3) the critique of political economy makes a deep and systematic analysis of the relationship between the state and the capital, and expounds Marx's scientific understanding of the essence and basic characteristics of the modern country. The third chapter expounds the contemporary significance of Marx's view of state. The contemporary significance of Marx's view of state lies in providing a scientific theoretical basis for insight into the "new world order", and providing a methodological guide for the construction of socialist democratic politics in China. It points out the direction for building a harmonious world and exploring the road of freedom and liberation.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811;D03

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