先秦儒家民本政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 09:34

【摘要】：中国的民本政治思想,可以分为民本(以儒家为代表)、非民本(以墨家为代表)及反民本(以法家为代表)三派。本文重点论述儒家民本政治思想,儒家民本思想是中华民族政治文化中极具个性的政治思想,主张以民为本。民本思想源于《尚书》“民惟邦本”之语,在春秋战国时期大国争霸、礼崩乐坏的社会背景下,出现了许多展现先秦士人开放心态、伟大政治抱负、建立理想社会秩序的著作。其中有关民本政治的思想经儒家继承而发扬光大,在长达两千多年的封建社会中,始终处于中国政治思想的中心地位。这与儒家民本政治思想据时代之需要而产生,因后世之变革而改良是分不开的,故其始终能居于中国政治思想的中心地位。一定程度上,可以称其为中国政治文化的代表思想。儒家的民本思想起源于孔子,由孟子建立,荀子思想虽涉及君主观点,但究其思想核心,仍然是以民为本,故称荀子也为儒家之代表。封建社会,专制主义日盛,但“民惟邦本”、“民贵君轻”的提法却始终未绝迹,直至孙中山先生“三民主义”的提出,给民本思想提供了现实可能性。直至新中国成立,特别是改革开放以来,社会主义和谐社会、以人为本、民主法治等一系列概念的提出,儒家民本思想中所蕴含的积极内容才得以显现。作为中国政治哲学中具有巨大影响之一的民本思想,放之今日,儒家民本思想虽与社会主义民主政治之间已有很多现实局限,但就其理论体系所蕴涵的积极内容仍有益于我国当今的社会主义建设,我们依然可以辩证地继承儒家民本思想的精华,真正使其利于社会发展,国家兴盛。本文将以先秦民本政治思想为理论起点,重点论述儒家民本政治思想产生时代背景、理论内涵以及对中国封建社会发展的影响,并结合胡锦涛提出的“和谐社会、以人为本”思想,赋予儒家的民本政治思想新的时代意义。
[Abstract]:Chinese people-oriented political thought can be divided into three groups: people-oriented (represented by Confucianism), non-people-oriented (represented by Mohism) and anti-people-oriented (represented by Legalists). This paper focuses on the Confucian people-oriented political thought, which is a highly individualized political thought in the Chinese political culture. The thought of people-oriented originated from the language of "the people but the state". Under the social background of the great powers fighting for hegemony and the bad etiquette in the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, there appeared many works showing the scholars' open mentality, great political ambition and establishing the ideal social order in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. In the feudal society for more than two thousand years, the thought of people-oriented politics has always been at the center of Chinese political thought. It is inseparable from the need of the times and the reform of the later generations, so it can always occupy the central position of Chinese political thought. To some extent, it can be called the representative thought of Chinese political culture. Confucian people-oriented thought originated from Confucius and was founded by Mencius. Although Xunzi thought involves the monarch's viewpoint, the core of his thought is still people-oriented, so Xunzi is also the representative of Confucianism. In feudal society, autocracy flourished, but the formulation of "the people based on the state" and "the people and the noble monarchies" never disappeared, until Mr. Sun Zhongshan's "the three people's principles" put forward, which provided the realistic possibility for the people-oriented thought. Until the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, socialist harmonious society, people-oriented, democracy and rule of law and a series of concepts, the Confucian people-oriented thought contained in the positive content can be revealed. As one of the great influences in Chinese political philosophy, the people-oriented thought, although the Confucian people-oriented thought has a lot of practical limitations between the Confucian people-oriented thought and socialist democratic politics, However, the positive contents contained in its theoretical system are still beneficial to the socialist construction of our country today. We can still dialectically inherit the essence of the Confucian people-oriented thought, and make it really conducive to the social development and the prosperity of the country. This article will take the pre-Qin people-oriented political thought as the theoretical starting point, emphatically discusses the Confucian people-oriented political thought generation background, the theoretical connotation and the influence to the Chinese feudal society development, and unifies the Hu Jintao proposed "the harmonious society", The thought of people-oriented endows the Confucian people-oriented political thought with new significance of the times.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D092

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