卢梭平等思想探析
发布时间：2018-08-24 17:27
【摘要】：卢梭是在启蒙思想家中对平等关注、研究和倡导最多的一位,是法国启蒙运动中最伟大的平等论者。他关于自由和平等的理论,移动了启蒙运动和古典自由主义的思想重心,结束了一个时代,就这方面来说,卢梭是伟大的。卢梭追求民主、自由、平等的精神,永远鼓舞人类不断前进。 卢梭认为在自然状态下,自然人的本性是自爱心和怜悯心。自然人心中是没有任何社会状态下人的道德观念的,他们是天然平等而自由的,过着一种孤独而幸福的美好生活。当人类进入到社会状态之后,天然的平等与自由消失了。伴随着人的“完善化”能力的发展,艺术和知识的产生,人与人之间的不平等现象产生了。尤其是私有制的出现,使得这种社会不平等变得根深蒂固。在君主专制社会中,社会不平等达到了顶峰。卢梭反思启蒙运动所歌颂的理性、科技与知识的种种弊端,深刻地指出了私有制是人类社会不平等的根源。卢梭以他天才般的自发的辩证法思想,预测了当社会不平等达到顶峰之后,人民会起来以暴力推翻它,在公意的基础之上缔结新的社会契约,进而组成国家。以法律和人民主权来建构一种理想的社会平等,实现一种真正符合自然法的正义理念之下的社会平等。卢梭认为,只有在这种以公意和主权为保障的社会平等制度中,才能真正实现人的自由和幸福。但他在著作中对于主权者、公意和立法者等概念的阐述过于抽象朦胧,导致其政治制度的设想在现实层面中缺少可操作性,容易被人借公意之名行专制之实,隐藏着极权主义的暗流。因此,卢梭的平等和自由思想之间存在着一些难以解决的矛盾和悖论。 卢梭的平等思想富有激情与革命精神,不仅对于西方后世社会的政治变革产生了很大影响,而且对于西方后世的平等思想也影响深远。卢梭的平等思想博大丰富且历久弥新,对当前我国社会主义和谐社会的的建设也具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Rousseau was one of the enlightenment thinkers who paid more attention to equality, studied and advocated most, and was the greatest egalitarian in the French Enlightenment. His theory of freedom and equality shifted the center of thought of the Enlightenment and classical liberalism, ending an era in which Rousseau was great. Rousseau's pursuit of democracy, freedom, and equality always inspires mankind to move forward. Rousseau believes that in nature, natural nature is self-love and compassion. Natural persons have no moral concept in any social state. They are naturally equal and free and lead a happy and lonely life. The natural equality and freedom disappeared when the human being entered the social state. Along with the development of human's "perfection" ability, the creation of art and knowledge, the inequality between people. In particular, the emergence of private ownership, such social inequality has become deeply rooted. In the autocratic monarchy, social inequality has reached its peak. Rousseau reflected on the rationality, science and technology and knowledge, and pointed out that private ownership was the root of the inequality of human society. Rousseau, with his genius and spontaneous dialectics, predicted that when social inequality reached its peak, the people would rise to overthrow it by violence, forge a new social contract on the basis of common will, and then form a state. To construct an ideal social equality by law and people's sovereignty, and to realize a kind of social equality under the justice idea of natural law. Rousseau believed that only in this system of social equality, which is guaranteed by public will and sovereignty, can human freedom and happiness be realized. However, his elaboration of the concepts of sovereignty, public will and legislator in his works is too abstract and hazy, which leads to the lack of maneuverability of his political system in reality, and is easy to be used to practice autocracy in the name of public will. There is a hidden undercurrent of totalitarianism. Therefore, there are some contradictions and paradoxes between Rousseau's thought of equality and freedom. Rousseau's thought of equality is full of passion and revolutionary spirit, which not only has a great influence on the political change of the later western society, but also has a profound influence on the thought of equality in the western later generations. Rousseau's thought of equality is rich and old, which is of great significance to the construction of socialist harmonious society in our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D095.65
本文编号：2201522
[Abstract]:Rousseau was one of the enlightenment thinkers who paid more attention to equality, studied and advocated most, and was the greatest egalitarian in the French Enlightenment. His theory of freedom and equality shifted the center of thought of the Enlightenment and classical liberalism, ending an era in which Rousseau was great. Rousseau's pursuit of democracy, freedom, and equality always inspires mankind to move forward. Rousseau believes that in nature, natural nature is self-love and compassion. Natural persons have no moral concept in any social state. They are naturally equal and free and lead a happy and lonely life. The natural equality and freedom disappeared when the human being entered the social state. Along with the development of human's "perfection" ability, the creation of art and knowledge, the inequality between people. In particular, the emergence of private ownership, such social inequality has become deeply rooted. In the autocratic monarchy, social inequality has reached its peak. Rousseau reflected on the rationality, science and technology and knowledge, and pointed out that private ownership was the root of the inequality of human society. Rousseau, with his genius and spontaneous dialectics, predicted that when social inequality reached its peak, the people would rise to overthrow it by violence, forge a new social contract on the basis of common will, and then form a state. To construct an ideal social equality by law and people's sovereignty, and to realize a kind of social equality under the justice idea of natural law. Rousseau believed that only in this system of social equality, which is guaranteed by public will and sovereignty, can human freedom and happiness be realized. However, his elaboration of the concepts of sovereignty, public will and legislator in his works is too abstract and hazy, which leads to the lack of maneuverability of his political system in reality, and is easy to be used to practice autocracy in the name of public will. There is a hidden undercurrent of totalitarianism. Therefore, there are some contradictions and paradoxes between Rousseau's thought of equality and freedom. Rousseau's thought of equality is full of passion and revolutionary spirit, which not only has a great influence on the political change of the later western society, but also has a profound influence on the thought of equality in the western later generations. Rousseau's thought of equality is rich and old, which is of great significance to the construction of socialist harmonious society in our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D095.65
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