在平等与不平等之间：马歇尔公民身份理论研究
发布时间：2018-08-28 14:36
【摘要】：公民身份作为政治理论的一个重要概念,无论是在学术研究还是在社会实践中都发挥着重要作用。首先,其作为划分政治共同体的边界的结果,它规定着哪些人是或者哪些人不是某一政治共同体中的正式成员,这就意味着不同的个体与共同体之间有着不同的互惠的权利义务关系。其次,公民身份作为共同体赋予其中的个体一种平等的地位,所有拥有这种地位的人在权利和义务上的一律平等,这样,公民身份就被当做一种处于不断发展完善过程中的平等制度,通过公民身份所包含权利的不断扩展以及被赋予公民身份人数的不断增加使整个社会实现更加的平等。再次,公民身份还蕴含着公民道德和公共精神,而公共道德和公共精神与共同体的传统文化密切相关,主要包括公民参与以及对共同体存在和发展的持续关注等等。以上是对公民身份概念几种不同的解释,那么,到底什么是公民身份?其作为一项制度是如何发展起来的?它与社会阶级、社会平等之间的关系如何? 本文试图以公民身份的历史演变过程以及马歇尔公民身份哲学内涵为公民身份理论建构一个解读视角。在探讨了公民身份从其源头即古希腊时期封闭的小规模的共同体发展到近代以来的普遍平等的过程,即从古典的道德至上、义务至上的公民身份向物质主义、权利至上的公民身份的转换问题的基础上,主要论述了马歇尔的公民身份理论及其哲学内涵,探索马歇尔利用公民身份所具有的平等内涵去调节资本主义社会的不平等问题,分析公民身份在资本主义社会突破其所固有的阶级矛盾而实现持续发展过程中所发挥的重要作用。 本文分为四章,第一章绪论说明了本文的研究源起、研究意义、相关文献、研究方法,简要梳理了公民身份的概念,并提出公民身份的一般概念。第二章是公民身份史的简要回顾,从古希腊罗马时期道德至上的公民身份到中世纪具有过渡性质的公民身份再到近代自由主义权利观指导下的公民身份,构成了公民身份发展的一般历史,为第三章马歇尔公民身份理论的出现奠定了宏观背景。第三章主要是对马歇尔公民身份理论的解读,在简单梳理其理论的基础上,试图从政治哲学的视角发现其公民身份理论背后的深刻内涵,及公民身份与社会阶级之间的关系问题。第四章是马歇尔公民身份理论的回响,阐述了一批西方学者在批判马歇尔公民身份理论的基础上,对公民身份理论的进一步推进,其实也是侧面上梳理了马歇尔之后公民身份理论的进展情况。结语部分分析了我国公民身份的发展情况,包括发展的现状、发展动力以及发展特征等。
[Abstract]:Citizenship, as an important concept of political theory, plays an important role in both academic research and social practice. First, as a result of the demarcation of the boundaries of the political community, it defines who is or is not a full member of a political community, This means that different individuals and communities have different reciprocal rights and obligations. Secondly, citizenship, as an equal status granted by the Community to the individual among them, is equal to the rights and duties of all those who have that status, so that, Citizenship is regarded as a kind of equality system in the process of continuous development and perfection. Through the continuous expansion of the rights contained in citizenship and the increasing number of people who are granted citizenship, the whole society can realize more equality. Thirdly, citizenship also contains civic morality and public spirit, which are closely related to the traditional culture of the community, including citizen participation and continuous attention to the existence and development of the community. These are several different interpretations of the concept of citizenship, so what exactly is citizenship? How did it develop as a system? What is the relationship between it and social class and social equality? This paper attempts to construct a perspective of citizenship theory based on the historical evolution of citizenship and the connotation of Marshall's citizenship philosophy. In this paper, the author discusses the process of citizenship developing from its origin, the closed community of ancient Greece, to the universal equality since modern times, that is, from the classical moral supremacy and the obligation supreme citizenship to materialism. On the basis of the transformation of the citizenship of the right supremacy, this paper mainly discusses Marshall's citizenship theory and its philosophical connotation, and probes into Marshall's use of the equality connotation of citizenship to regulate the inequality in the capitalist society. This paper analyzes the important role of citizenship in the process of realizing sustainable development in capitalist society by breaking through its inherent class contradictions. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin, significance, relevant literature, research methods, briefly combs the concept of citizenship, and puts forward the general concept of citizenship. The second chapter is a brief review of the history of citizenship, from the moral supremacy in ancient Greece and Rome to the transitional citizenship in the Middle Ages to the citizenship under the guidance of the modern liberal view of rights. It constitutes the general history of citizenship development and lays a macro background for the emergence of Marshall's citizenship theory. The third chapter is the interpretation of Marshall's citizenship theory, on the basis of simply combing his theory, trying to find the profound connotation of his citizenship theory from the perspective of political philosophy. And the relationship between citizenship and social class. The fourth chapter is the echo of Marshall's citizenship theory, which expounds a group of Western scholars on the basis of criticizing Marshall's citizenship theory to further promote the citizenship theory. In fact, it also combed the development of citizenship theory after Marshall. The conclusion part analyzes the development of Chinese citizenship, including the status quo, development motivation and development characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D081
本文编号：2209672
[Abstract]:Citizenship, as an important concept of political theory, plays an important role in both academic research and social practice. First, as a result of the demarcation of the boundaries of the political community, it defines who is or is not a full member of a political community, This means that different individuals and communities have different reciprocal rights and obligations. Secondly, citizenship, as an equal status granted by the Community to the individual among them, is equal to the rights and duties of all those who have that status, so that, Citizenship is regarded as a kind of equality system in the process of continuous development and perfection. Through the continuous expansion of the rights contained in citizenship and the increasing number of people who are granted citizenship, the whole society can realize more equality. Thirdly, citizenship also contains civic morality and public spirit, which are closely related to the traditional culture of the community, including citizen participation and continuous attention to the existence and development of the community. These are several different interpretations of the concept of citizenship, so what exactly is citizenship? How did it develop as a system? What is the relationship between it and social class and social equality? This paper attempts to construct a perspective of citizenship theory based on the historical evolution of citizenship and the connotation of Marshall's citizenship philosophy. In this paper, the author discusses the process of citizenship developing from its origin, the closed community of ancient Greece, to the universal equality since modern times, that is, from the classical moral supremacy and the obligation supreme citizenship to materialism. On the basis of the transformation of the citizenship of the right supremacy, this paper mainly discusses Marshall's citizenship theory and its philosophical connotation, and probes into Marshall's use of the equality connotation of citizenship to regulate the inequality in the capitalist society. This paper analyzes the important role of citizenship in the process of realizing sustainable development in capitalist society by breaking through its inherent class contradictions. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin, significance, relevant literature, research methods, briefly combs the concept of citizenship, and puts forward the general concept of citizenship. The second chapter is a brief review of the history of citizenship, from the moral supremacy in ancient Greece and Rome to the transitional citizenship in the Middle Ages to the citizenship under the guidance of the modern liberal view of rights. It constitutes the general history of citizenship development and lays a macro background for the emergence of Marshall's citizenship theory. The third chapter is the interpretation of Marshall's citizenship theory, on the basis of simply combing his theory, trying to find the profound connotation of his citizenship theory from the perspective of political philosophy. And the relationship between citizenship and social class. The fourth chapter is the echo of Marshall's citizenship theory, which expounds a group of Western scholars on the basis of criticizing Marshall's citizenship theory to further promote the citizenship theory. In fact, it also combed the development of citizenship theory after Marshall. The conclusion part analyzes the development of Chinese citizenship, including the status quo, development motivation and development characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D081
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