批判与超越——精英民主理论评析

发布时间：2018-09-02 06:12

【摘要】：精英民主理论作为现当代西方民主理论的重要组成部分,在其诞生以来的百余年间,基于有别于传统自由主义的视角,旨在解释和重构西方民主体系,形成不同于古典民主的民主观及其注重实证研究的研究范式。毫无疑问,精英民主理论在打破单一的传统自由主义垄断话语霸权的局面,朝向以自由主义为主体,多元化民主理论并存的转变过程中,发挥了一定的作用,对20世纪民主主义者寻求民主的实现路径产生过重大影响,并在发展过程中表现出某种规律性。从一定意义上而言,可以将精英民主理论的演变视为整个20世纪西方民主理论体系变迁的一个缩影。尽管精英民主理论具有不可替代的意义和价值,然而由于受到其自身特质的影响和一些现实政治原因的限制,在以往国内对西方民主理论的研究中,关于精英民主的研究未得到应有的重视,评价也多有偏颇失实之处。为弥补这一缺憾,本文试图在系统梳理西方精英民主理论产生、发展、演变的过程、规律,概述其基本观点的基础上,重点论述其竞争性民主理论、精英政治及寡头铁律等核心观点,同时通过分析精英民主与自由主义民主和多元主义民主理论之间的关系,将精英民主理论纳入整个20世纪西方民主理论变革的视野中予以评析。对于中国的民主问题研究者而言,精英民主理论的最大价值就在于提供了一个民主理论的分析视角,当然,也不应忽视由其阶级立场和立论初衷所决定的基本理论和研究范式的双重缺陷。本文拟通过客观、全面地评价其价值和分析其局限性,并以此为切入点超越精英民主理论构建的话语平台,对如何理解和阐释民主作出新的解答。
[Abstract]:As an important part of modern and contemporary western democratic theory, elite democracy theory is based on the perspective of traditional liberalism for more than a hundred years since its birth to explain and reconstruct the western democratic system. Form the democratic view which is different from the classical democracy and pay attention to the research paradigm of empirical research. There is no doubt that the theory of elite democracy has played a certain role in the process of breaking the situation of monopolistic discourse hegemony of single traditional liberalism and moving towards the coexistence of pluralistic democratic theory with liberalism as the main body. It has had a great influence on the path of democracy seeking by the democratic people in the 20th century, and has shown some regularity in the process of development. In a sense, the evolution of elite democratic theory can be regarded as a microcosm of the evolution of western democratic theory system in the whole 20th century. Although the theory of elite democracy has irreplaceable significance and value, however, due to the influence of its own characteristics and the restriction of some realistic political reasons, it has been studied in the past in China. The research on elite democracy has not received due attention, and the evaluation is biased. In order to remedy this shortcoming, this paper attempts to systematically comb the process and law of the emergence, development and evolution of the western elite democratic theory, and on the basis of summarizing its basic views, this paper focuses on its competitive democracy theory. At the same time, by analyzing the relationship between elite democracy, liberal democracy and pluralistic democracy, The theory of elite democracy is analyzed from the perspective of the transformation of western democratic theory in the whole 20th century. For Chinese democratic researchers, the greatest value of elite democratic theory lies in providing an analytical perspective of democratic theory. Of course, Nor should we ignore the dual defects of the basic theory and research paradigm determined by its class position and original intention of argumentation. This paper aims to evaluate its value and analyze its limitations objectively and comprehensively, and use it as a breakthrough point to transcend the discourse platform constructed by elite democracy theory, and give a new answer to how to understand and interpret democracy.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D082

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