柳宗元国家学说研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 07:05

【摘要】：柳宗元是中唐时期一位著名的政治家、思想家和文学家。本文着重探讨柳宗元政治哲学方面的成就,集中论述了他的国家学说体系。本文包括五个章节的内容。第一章,国家学说概述。本章简述了东西方社会对国家的认识,介绍了政治权力的一系列理论,并概述了我国古代国家学说史。第二章,国家起源论。本章讨论了两类不同的国家起源论——“合作说”与“冲突说”,并强调指出我国传统儒家具有“合作说”的特质。在君权合法性问题上,儒家内部有两种不同的思路交相辉映,一种是以“性善论”为基点,从国家具有教化民众向善的公共职能的角度说明政治权力合法性。一种是以“性恶说”为基点,从国家具有管理社会民生的公共职能的角度说明政治权力合法性。而柳宗元偏重于后者。随后详细介绍了柳宗元的国家起源说的主要内容及其哲学依据。第三章,国家结构形式论。本章回顾了唐以前的“分封制”和“郡县制”这两种国家结构形式的斗争史。在唐代对这两种制度的看法中,以柳宗元的《封建论》最为精彩,提出“非圣人之意,势也”的著名论断。从“势”的角度判定制度的优劣,超越了以往以“公”、“私”为制度判定标准的思维。柳宗元这一论断对明清思想产生了深远的影响,王夫之对“势”这一范畴进一步完善和发展,而且此时这两种制度之争又有了新的特点。第四章,国家政权的约束。本章主要阐述柳宗元对如何约束皇权、如何为政的看法,他主要强调了“德治”和“民本”在权力约束方面的重要性。德治思想和民本思想是传统儒家的两个根本性的治国理念,柳宗元提出的“民自利”、“官为民役”等思想,丰富并深化了儒家思想,这较之“天谴说”更深刻、更理性。第五章,国家理想。本章介绍了柳宗元对国家的美好设计。柳宗元不仅仅是设想,还积极的付诸于实践,彰显了儒家的忧国忧民的现实主义情怀。
[Abstract]:Liu Zongyuan was a famous politician, thinker and writer in the mid-Tang Dynasty. This paper focuses on Liu Zongyuan's achievements in political philosophy and focuses on his system of state theory. This paper includes five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the state doctrine. This chapter briefly introduces the understanding of the state in the eastern and western societies, introduces a series of theories of political power, and summarizes the history of the ancient state theory in China. Chapter two, the theory of national origin. This chapter discusses two different theories of the origin of state-"cooperation theory" and "conflict theory", and points out that Chinese traditional Confucianism has the characteristic of "cooperation theory". On the issue of the legitimacy of monarchy, there are two different ways of thinking in Confucianism. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of enlightening the masses. One is to explain the legitimacy of political power from the point of view of the public function of managing the people's livelihood. Liu Zongyuan, however, prefers the latter. Then it introduces the main content and philosophical basis of Liu Zongyuan's theory of national origin. Chapter three, the theory of state structure form. This chapter reviews the history of the struggle between the prefecture system and the prefecture system before the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan's feudalism was the most wonderful, and he put forward the famous conclusion that "the meaning of non-sage is not saintly, the tendency is also". Judging the merits and demerits of the system from the angle of "power" surpasses the thought of "public" and "private" as the criterion of system judgment. Liu Zongyuan's theory had a profound influence on the thought of Ming and Qing dynasties, and Wang Fuzhi further improved and developed the category of "potential", and at this time the dispute between the two systems had new characteristics. Chapter four, the restraint of the state power. This chapter mainly expounds Liu Zongyuan's views on how to restrain imperial power and how to be political. He emphasizes the importance of "rule by virtue" and "people first" in power restraint. The thought of rule by virtue and the thought of people-oriented are two fundamental ideas of ruling the country in traditional Confucianism. Liu Zongyuan's ideas of "self-interest of the people" and "official service for the people" have enriched and deepened the Confucian thought, which is more profound and rational than the theory of "natural punishment". Chapter five, National ideal. This chapter introduces Liu Zongyuan's beautiful design to the country. Liu Zongyuan not only envisions, but also actively put into practice, which demonstrates the realistic feelings of Confucian concern about the country and the people.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092

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