托洛茨基的世界革命论探析
发布时间：2018-09-03 14:31
【摘要】：作为布尔什维克、苏联和共产国际早期的重要领导人和卓越的马克思主义理论家,托洛茨基博学多才,是一个思想伟人。他广泛涉猎马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、历史学、文化艺术、军事等领域,并都颇有建树。作为马克思主义的继承者,托洛茨基的思想独树一帜,自成体系,其主要内容大多属于他将马克思、恩格斯、列宁的思想与时代特征和革命实践相结合并进行独特思考的产物。在国际共运的谱系上,一般将其归入激进的“左派”行列。本论文主要围绕托洛茨基的世界革命论展开研究。除绪论外,全文共分为三个部分。第一部分论文从“形成的条件和基础”和“形成与发展的阶段”两方面勾勒了托洛茨基世界革命论的形成背景和发展历程,即从资本主义进入帝国主义阶段,时代主题是战争与革命,国际社会主义运动大发展的时代背景入手,分析了托洛茨基世界革命论形成的社会历史条件,并在此基础上把世界革命论的形成和发展划分为萌芽、初步形成、成熟和继续发展四个阶段。第二部分是论文的重点,系统梳理和解析托洛茨基世界革命论的内涵和理论体系。首先,初步概括出世界革命论的内涵,即以托洛茨基的历史阶段论和帝国主义论为前提,以无产阶级及其政党的民族性和国际性理论为主体,提倡在世界范围内推动和实施无产阶级革命的计划、设想和学说,并着重指出世界革命的本质。紧接着,本文从前提论、主体论、主题论、战略与策略论等四个方面全面解析托洛茨基世界革命论的理论体系。通过对大量文献的深入解读,本文提出:历史阶段论和帝国主义论构成了托洛茨基世界革命论的前提论,无产阶级及其政党是托洛茨基世界革命的主体,民族民主革命与社会主义革命的不间断性和社会主义革命由一国发展到多国的不间断性是托洛茨基世界革命论的主题,同时,为了实现他的世界革命理想,托洛茨基精心制定并实施了多项革命战略和策略。第三部分是论文的结尾部分,对托洛茨基的世界革命论做出总体评价。首先从这一理论与第四国际、民族解放运动和苏联政治革命的关系三个方面梳理该理论的历史影响,在此基础上对这一理论的合理性和空想性做出较为客观的评判和分析,最后对其在马克思主义发展史和人类文明史上的历史地位做出中肯评价。如果说在托洛茨基的整个思想体系中不断革命论处于“大脑”位置的话,那么世界革命论就是“心脏”,二者相辅相成,共同构成托洛茨基理论生命不息、革命不止的内在动力。世界革命的思想不仅为托洛茨基整个革命理论的发展和完善提供了一种现实的标尺,而且不断的影响到他对国际形势发展前景的认识。无论其最终成效如何,托洛茨基的这一革命理想至少为当时的国际共产主义运动提供了又一种可能性的选项,拓展并延伸了马克思和列宁的社会主义革命理论,并在实践中推动了国际共产主义运动的发展。毋庸讳言,从马克思主义思想史的角度来说,在列宁之后,托洛茨基的理论建树值得我们学习和探究。因而重视并深入研究托洛茨基的思想和理论大有裨益。当然,本论文只是一个阶段性成果,对托洛茨基的研究还远未结束,有待后续的持续关注与进一步深入研究。
[Abstract]:As an important early leader of the Bolsheviks, the Soviet Union and the Communist International, and an outstanding Marxist theorist, Trotsky was versatile and a great thinker. He dabbled extensively in Marxist philosophy, political economy, history, culture and art, military and other fields, and made great achievements. Lotsky's thought is unique and self-contained, and its main content is mostly the product of his unique thinking which combines Marx, Engels and Lenin's thought with the characteristics of the times and revolutionary practice. The first part of the paper outlines the background and development of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory from the two aspects of "formation conditions and foundation" and "formation and development stage". That is, from capitalism to imperialism, the theme of the times is war and revolution. Starting with the background of the great development of the international socialist movement, this paper analyzes the social and historical conditions for the formation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory, and on this basis divides the formation and development of the world revolutionary theory into four stages: germination, preliminary formation, maturity and continued development. The second part is the focus of the paper, systematically combing and analyzing Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. The connotation and theoretical system of the world revolutionary theory. First, the connotation of the world revolutionary theory is preliminarily summarized, that is, on the premise of Trotsky's theory of historical stages and imperialism, taking the national and international theories of the proletariat and its political parties as the main body, advocating the promotion and implementation of the proletarian revolutionary plan, assumption and Implementation worldwide. Next, this paper analyzes the theoretical system of Trotsky's world revolution from four aspects: premise theory, subject theory, theme theory, strategy and strategy theory. The premise of the theory is that the proletariat and its political parties are the main body of Trotsky's world revolution. The uninterrupted nature of the national democratic revolution and the socialist revolution and the uninterrupted nature of the socialist revolution from one country to many countries are the themes of Trotsky's world revolution. At the same time, Trotsky elaborated to realize his ideal of world revolution. The third part is the concluding part of the thesis, which makes an overall evaluation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. Firstly, it combs the historical influence of Trotsky's theory from three aspects: the relationship between the theory and the Fourth International, the national liberation movement and the Soviet Union's political revolution, and on the basis of which the rationality of the theory is put forward. And utopianism to make a more objective evaluation and analysis, and finally to make a pertinent evaluation of its historical status in the history of Marxist development and human civilization. The thought of world revolution not only provides a realistic criterion for the development and perfection of Trotsky's whole revolutionary theory, but also influences his understanding of the development prospects of the international situation. I want to provide at least another possible option for the international communist movement at that time, expand and extend Marx and Lenin's theory of socialist revolution, and promote the development of the international communist movement in practice. Needless to say, from the perspective of the history of Marxist thought, Trotsky's theory after Lenin Therefore, it is of great benefit to attach importance to and study Trotsky's thoughts and theories. Of course, this paper is only a stage result, and the study of Trotsky is far from over, which needs further and sustained attention.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D02
本文编号：2220245
[Abstract]:As an important early leader of the Bolsheviks, the Soviet Union and the Communist International, and an outstanding Marxist theorist, Trotsky was versatile and a great thinker. He dabbled extensively in Marxist philosophy, political economy, history, culture and art, military and other fields, and made great achievements. Lotsky's thought is unique and self-contained, and its main content is mostly the product of his unique thinking which combines Marx, Engels and Lenin's thought with the characteristics of the times and revolutionary practice. The first part of the paper outlines the background and development of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory from the two aspects of "formation conditions and foundation" and "formation and development stage". That is, from capitalism to imperialism, the theme of the times is war and revolution. Starting with the background of the great development of the international socialist movement, this paper analyzes the social and historical conditions for the formation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory, and on this basis divides the formation and development of the world revolutionary theory into four stages: germination, preliminary formation, maturity and continued development. The second part is the focus of the paper, systematically combing and analyzing Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. The connotation and theoretical system of the world revolutionary theory. First, the connotation of the world revolutionary theory is preliminarily summarized, that is, on the premise of Trotsky's theory of historical stages and imperialism, taking the national and international theories of the proletariat and its political parties as the main body, advocating the promotion and implementation of the proletarian revolutionary plan, assumption and Implementation worldwide. Next, this paper analyzes the theoretical system of Trotsky's world revolution from four aspects: premise theory, subject theory, theme theory, strategy and strategy theory. The premise of the theory is that the proletariat and its political parties are the main body of Trotsky's world revolution. The uninterrupted nature of the national democratic revolution and the socialist revolution and the uninterrupted nature of the socialist revolution from one country to many countries are the themes of Trotsky's world revolution. At the same time, Trotsky elaborated to realize his ideal of world revolution. The third part is the concluding part of the thesis, which makes an overall evaluation of Trotsky's world revolutionary theory. Firstly, it combs the historical influence of Trotsky's theory from three aspects: the relationship between the theory and the Fourth International, the national liberation movement and the Soviet Union's political revolution, and on the basis of which the rationality of the theory is put forward. And utopianism to make a more objective evaluation and analysis, and finally to make a pertinent evaluation of its historical status in the history of Marxist development and human civilization. The thought of world revolution not only provides a realistic criterion for the development and perfection of Trotsky's whole revolutionary theory, but also influences his understanding of the development prospects of the international situation. I want to provide at least another possible option for the international communist movement at that time, expand and extend Marx and Lenin's theory of socialist revolution, and promote the development of the international communist movement in practice. Needless to say, from the perspective of the history of Marxist thought, Trotsky's theory after Lenin Therefore, it is of great benefit to attach importance to and study Trotsky's thoughts and theories. Of course, this paper is only a stage result, and the study of Trotsky is far from over, which needs further and sustained attention.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D02
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，本文编号：2220245
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