1901-1924年伯恩施坦的思想研究
发布时间：2018-09-05 19:00
【摘要】： 伯恩施坦是国际共运史上著名理论家和实践活动家,是我们常说的“修正主义”创始人。 19世纪末,资本主义国家经济的繁荣,阶级矛盾的缓和使伯恩施坦对传统马克思主义理论发生怀疑,后于1899年2月写成《社会主义的前提和社会民主党的任务》(以下简称为《前提和任务》)一书,对马克思主义从哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义学说等三个方面进行修正。 《前提与任务》一经出版即在德国社会民主党内外引起强烈反响,遭到党内左派和中派的批判,且是德国社会民主党1899年、1901年、1902年、1903年党代表大会争论的焦点。正是在这种情况下,伯恩施坦于1901年2月回到德国后,一方面作为国会议员积极参加议会活动,另一方面继续发表文章,为自己的观点进行辩护。 本文分为引言和正文两大部分。引言简要介绍了伯恩施坦理论形成过程和1901年回德国后的实践活动及发表的著作,以及论文选题的意义和研究方法。 正文分为四个部分。第一部分介绍了伯恩施坦1901年前的实践活动和思想理论,以便对伯恩施坦及其理论有一个总体认识,同时也是为了引起下文。《前提和任务》的发表引起了一系列的批评与争论,正是在这种情况下,伯恩施坦于1901年2月回到德国后,继续发表文章,为自己的观点进行辩护。 第二部分按照时间顺序介绍了伯恩施坦回到德国后的实践活动。1901年2月回到德国后,伯恩施坦发表了一系列文章继续为《前提和任务》中的观点进行辩护。且从1902到1906年间连续几年任德意志帝国国会议员,之后,1912年到1918年又再度连任国会议员,他是作为德国社会民主党议会党团成员之一在议会中活动的。同时参加了社会民主党历次党代表大会,还参加了历次第二国际代表大会,在此期间一直是社会民主党的著名活动家。 第三部分分析了伯恩施坦这一时期的文章和言论。这一时期的文章和言论主要体现了四个方面的思想:一、否认马克思主义社会主义学说的科学性,强调最终目的是空想,继续宣扬“和平长入社会主义论”;二、继续论证其理论的必要性和正当性;三、对待工人政治罢工的态度;四、关于实现社会主义的途径。 第四部分,对伯恩施坦修正主义的几点评价。首先,伯恩施坦的思想理论不是资产阶级的改良主义,它是一种改良主义的社会主义理论。第二,在资本主义发展状况问题上,伯恩施坦的眼光比较敏锐,确实看到了不同于马克思和恩格斯所预言的情况,并注重对这些情况的研究,但观点往往有些偏激。第三,伯恩施坦修正主义理论的核心观点就是利用民主权利进行议会斗争,走和平长入社会主义的道路,这种观点是有道理的,但伯恩施坦把它给绝对化了。第四,对科学社会主义学说的科学性的认定具有局限性。
[Abstract]:Bernstein was a famous theorist and activist in the history of the international communist movement, and was the founder of what we often call "revisionism." at the end of the 19th century, the economy of capitalist countries flourished. The relaxation of class contradictions led Bernstein to doubt the traditional Marxist theory, and in February 1899 he wrote the book "the premise of Socialism and the tasks of the Social Democratic Party" (hereinafter referred to as "premises and tasks"). To revise Marxism from three aspects: philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialist theory. Once published, the premise and Task aroused a strong response inside and outside the German Social Democratic Party. It was criticized by the left and the center of the party, and was the focus of controversy in the German Social Democratic Party in 1899, 1901, 1902, 1903. It was in this context that after Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901, he took an active part in Parliament as a member of Parliament and continued to publish articles defending his views. This paper is divided into two parts: introduction and text. The introduction briefly introduces the forming process of Bernstein's theory, the practical activities and published works after he returned to Germany in 1901, and the significance and research methods of the selected topic of the thesis. The text is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the practice and theory of Bernstein before 1901, in order to have a general understanding of Bernstein and his theory, but also in order to cause a series of criticism and controversy about the publication of "premise and Task". It was in this context that Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901 and continued to publish articles defending his views. The second part introduces the practice of Bernstein after returning to Germany in time order. After he returned to Germany in February 1901, Bernstein published a series of articles to defend the viewpoint of premise and task. He served on the Reich for several consecutive years from 1902 to 1906 and was re-elected from 1912 to 1918 as a member of the German Social Democratic parliamentary caucus. He also participated in the Social Democratic Party Congress and the second International Congress, during which he was a famous activist of the Social Democratic Party. The third part analyzes the articles and remarks of Burnstein in this period. The articles and speeches of this period mainly embodied four aspects of thought: first, to deny the scientific nature of the Marxist theory of socialism, to emphasize that the ultimate goal is utopia, and to continue to preach "peace grows into the theory of socialism"; Continue to demonstrate the necessity and legitimacy of its theory; third, the attitude towards workers' political strike; fourth, the way to realize socialism. The fourth part is the evaluation of Bernstein's revisionism. First of all, Bernstein's ideological theory is not bourgeois reformism, it is a reformist socialist theory. Second, on the development of capitalism, Bernstein has a sharp eye, which is different from that predicted by Marx and Engels, and pays attention to the study of these situations, but his views are often somewhat extreme. Third, the central point of Bernstein's revisionist theory is to make use of democratic rights to struggle in parliament and take the path of peace to socialism, which is justified, but Bernstein has made it absolute. Fourth, the scientific theory of scientific socialism has limitations.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2225177
[Abstract]:Bernstein was a famous theorist and activist in the history of the international communist movement, and was the founder of what we often call "revisionism." at the end of the 19th century, the economy of capitalist countries flourished. The relaxation of class contradictions led Bernstein to doubt the traditional Marxist theory, and in February 1899 he wrote the book "the premise of Socialism and the tasks of the Social Democratic Party" (hereinafter referred to as "premises and tasks"). To revise Marxism from three aspects: philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialist theory. Once published, the premise and Task aroused a strong response inside and outside the German Social Democratic Party. It was criticized by the left and the center of the party, and was the focus of controversy in the German Social Democratic Party in 1899, 1901, 1902, 1903. It was in this context that after Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901, he took an active part in Parliament as a member of Parliament and continued to publish articles defending his views. This paper is divided into two parts: introduction and text. The introduction briefly introduces the forming process of Bernstein's theory, the practical activities and published works after he returned to Germany in 1901, and the significance and research methods of the selected topic of the thesis. The text is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the practice and theory of Bernstein before 1901, in order to have a general understanding of Bernstein and his theory, but also in order to cause a series of criticism and controversy about the publication of "premise and Task". It was in this context that Bernstein returned to Germany in February 1901 and continued to publish articles defending his views. The second part introduces the practice of Bernstein after returning to Germany in time order. After he returned to Germany in February 1901, Bernstein published a series of articles to defend the viewpoint of premise and task. He served on the Reich for several consecutive years from 1902 to 1906 and was re-elected from 1912 to 1918 as a member of the German Social Democratic parliamentary caucus. He also participated in the Social Democratic Party Congress and the second International Congress, during which he was a famous activist of the Social Democratic Party. The third part analyzes the articles and remarks of Burnstein in this period. The articles and speeches of this period mainly embodied four aspects of thought: first, to deny the scientific nature of the Marxist theory of socialism, to emphasize that the ultimate goal is utopia, and to continue to preach "peace grows into the theory of socialism"; Continue to demonstrate the necessity and legitimacy of its theory; third, the attitude towards workers' political strike; fourth, the way to realize socialism. The fourth part is the evaluation of Bernstein's revisionism. First of all, Bernstein's ideological theory is not bourgeois reformism, it is a reformist socialist theory. Second, on the development of capitalism, Bernstein has a sharp eye, which is different from that predicted by Marx and Engels, and pays attention to the study of these situations, but his views are often somewhat extreme. Third, the central point of Bernstein's revisionist theory is to make use of democratic rights to struggle in parliament and take the path of peace to socialism, which is justified, but Bernstein has made it absolute. Fourth, the scientific theory of scientific socialism has limitations.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 黄娟;伯恩施坦的核心思想研究[D];西安外国语大学;2012年
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