正义感:休谟与罗尔斯两种阐释的同异性辨析

发布时间：2018-09-18 10:21

【摘要】：休谟的正义论与罗尔斯的正义论在强调正义是一种利益考量的同时,都意识到这种利益考量仍然离不开道德情操的辅佐,因此他们在正义论中都对正义感进行了阐释,认为正义感是建基于正义原则之上的良序社会获得稳定性的必要条件。休谟把同情心视为正义感的主要来源,这种正义感可以通过政治家的提倡、父母的教导与名誉感得到加强,但并不植根于他的正义论的原则之中;罗尔斯则把正义感的形成过程归结为权威的道德、社团的道德与原则的道德三个层次,并视原则的道德为最高层次,正是原则的道德在正义感与他的正义论之间建立了内在联系。这一内在联系揭示了休谟正义论之不足及其由此而来的他对正义感阐释的局限性,同时对于一个未能建立正义原则的社会也有重要启迪:正义感的缺失主要不是因为作为自然德性的同情的缺失所致,而是由于作为社会德性的正义原则的缺失所致。
[Abstract]:Hume's theory of justice and Rawls's theory of justice, while emphasizing that justice is a consideration of interests, both realize that this consideration of interests is still inseparable from the support of moral sentiment, so they have explained the sense of justice in the theory of justice. It is believed that sense of justice is a necessary condition for the stability of a well-ordered society based on the principle of justice. Hume regards compassion as the main source of sense of justice, which can be promoted by politicians and strengthened by his parents' teaching and reputation, but not rooted in the principles of his theory of justice. Rawls attributes the formation of sense of justice to three levels: the morality of authority, the morality of community and the morality of principle, and regards the morality of principle as the highest level. It is the moral of principle that establishes the inner link between the sense of justice and his theory of justice. This internal connection reveals the shortcomings of Hume's theory of justice and the limitations of his interpretation of justice. At the same time, there is also important enlightenment for a society that fails to establish the principle of justice: the lack of sense of justice is mainly caused not by the lack of sympathy as a natural virtue, but by the absence of the principle of justice as a social virtue.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B561.291;D091

【共引文献】