奥尔森集体行动理论研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 08:05
【摘要】：奥尔森是集体行动理论的代表人物,其理论为集体行动问题的后续研究奠定了重要基础,并引起学术界的极大反响。但在以往对奥尔森的研究中,大多是对他的集体行动理论的应用性研究,而忽视对他的理论基础的剖析。本文试图从剖析其理论基础出发,从集体行动与发展的关系的分析视角对奥尔森集体行动理论脉络及其对于经济发展的影响进行研究并对其理论给出一个客观公允的评价。奥尔森从理性人假设和个人主义方法论出发,利用公共物品理论成果,对传统集团理论家坚持的集团共同利益是其一致行动动力的观点进行了批判,坚持认为集体物品使用上的非排他性促使理性个体搭便车的普遍发生,这导致了符合每个人利益的集体物品无从供给,集体行动出现困境。如何走出困境呢?奥尔森提出有别于集体物品普遍性激励的选择性激励之路径选择。奥尔森用集体行动理论解释国家兴衰之道,认为社会中的利益集团如同集团中的理性个人,具有搭便车的天性,他们在集团狭隘利益诱惑下成为分利集团,其行为扭曲了市场过程和政府过程,导致了制度僵化和经济停滞的社会后果。政府基于共容利益关系成为根除利益集团分利行为的权力保障,而由于政府本身作为理性人具有侵吞个人权利的可能,在新制度主义影响下,奥尔森提出受制度约束的“强化市场型政府”以加强市场推动经济发展之功能的构想。笔者认为,奥尔森的理论贡献集中表现在两个方面:将公共物品理论引入集团行为的分析中,颠覆了传统集团理论并开创性地建构了集体行动理论;以利益集团与市场、政府的关系为分析视角,将政府与市场关系的研究引向深入。不过,奥尔森的理论也存在三个方面的不足:对方法论的运用出现前后矛盾;对利益集团功能的看法有失偏颇;对政府权力的认识偏颇而富有乌托邦色彩。其理论的贡献使得他成为集体行动理论的标志性人物,其理论的不足削弱了其理论解释力并使之遭受学术界的质疑。
[Abstract]:Olson is a representative of the collective action theory, whose theory lays an important foundation for the follow-up study of collective action, and causes a great reaction in academic circles. However, in the previous studies of Olson, most of them were applied research on his collective action theory, but ignored the analysis of his theoretical basis. This paper attempts to study Olson's theory of collective action and its influence on economic development from the perspective of analyzing the relationship between collective action and development, and gives an objective and fair evaluation of his theory. On the basis of rational man hypothesis and individualism methodology, Olson criticizes the traditional group theorists' view that the common interests of the group are the driving force of their concerted action, using the results of the theory of public goods. It is believed that the non-exclusiveness in the use of collective goods promotes the common occurrence of hitchhiking for rational individuals, which leads to the lack of supply of collective goods which conforms to the interests of everyone, and the predicament of collective action. How to get out of this predicament? Olson put forward the path choice of selective incentive, which is different from the general incentive of collective goods. Olson explained the rise and fall of a country with the theory of collective action, believing that interest groups in society, like rational individuals in groups, had the nature of hitchhiking, and they were seduced by the narrow interests of the group to become profit-sharing groups. Its behavior distorts the market process and the government process, and leads to the social consequence of institutional rigidity and economic stagnation. On the basis of the common interest relationship, the government has become the power guarantee to eradicate the behavior of interest division of interest groups. However, because the government itself, as a rational person, has the possibility of embezzling individual rights, it is under the influence of new institutionalism. Olson put forward the idea of "strengthening market government" to strengthen the function of market to promote economic development. The author believes that Olson's theoretical contributions are concentrated in two aspects: the introduction of public goods theory into the analysis of group behavior, the subversion of traditional group theory and the groundbreaking construction of collective action theory, and the establishment of collective action theory by interest groups and markets. The relationship between government and market is deeply studied from the perspective of analysis. However, Olson's theory also has three shortcomings: the application of methodology is inconsistent, the view of interest group function is biased, and the understanding of government power is partial and utopian. The contribution of his theory makes him the iconic figure of the theory of collective action, and the deficiency of his theory weakens his theoretical explanation and makes him be questioned by the academic circles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09
本文编号：2252626
[Abstract]:Olson is a representative of the collective action theory, whose theory lays an important foundation for the follow-up study of collective action, and causes a great reaction in academic circles. However, in the previous studies of Olson, most of them were applied research on his collective action theory, but ignored the analysis of his theoretical basis. This paper attempts to study Olson's theory of collective action and its influence on economic development from the perspective of analyzing the relationship between collective action and development, and gives an objective and fair evaluation of his theory. On the basis of rational man hypothesis and individualism methodology, Olson criticizes the traditional group theorists' view that the common interests of the group are the driving force of their concerted action, using the results of the theory of public goods. It is believed that the non-exclusiveness in the use of collective goods promotes the common occurrence of hitchhiking for rational individuals, which leads to the lack of supply of collective goods which conforms to the interests of everyone, and the predicament of collective action. How to get out of this predicament? Olson put forward the path choice of selective incentive, which is different from the general incentive of collective goods. Olson explained the rise and fall of a country with the theory of collective action, believing that interest groups in society, like rational individuals in groups, had the nature of hitchhiking, and they were seduced by the narrow interests of the group to become profit-sharing groups. Its behavior distorts the market process and the government process, and leads to the social consequence of institutional rigidity and economic stagnation. On the basis of the common interest relationship, the government has become the power guarantee to eradicate the behavior of interest division of interest groups. However, because the government itself, as a rational person, has the possibility of embezzling individual rights, it is under the influence of new institutionalism. Olson put forward the idea of "strengthening market government" to strengthen the function of market to promote economic development. The author believes that Olson's theoretical contributions are concentrated in two aspects: the introduction of public goods theory into the analysis of group behavior, the subversion of traditional group theory and the groundbreaking construction of collective action theory, and the establishment of collective action theory by interest groups and markets. The relationship between government and market is deeply studied from the perspective of analysis. However, Olson's theory also has three shortcomings: the application of methodology is inconsistent, the view of interest group function is biased, and the understanding of government power is partial and utopian. The contribution of his theory makes him the iconic figure of the theory of collective action, and the deficiency of his theory weakens his theoretical explanation and makes him be questioned by the academic circles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前5条
1 赵蓉蓉;;关于奥尔森集体行动逻辑的分析[J];法制与社会;2012年33期
2 蔡亮亮;;农民专业合作社社员“搭便车”行为探究——基于集体行动逻辑视角[J];经济研究导刊;2014年04期
3 倪娜;;从集体行动的逻辑看当前我国城中村改造[J];经济研究导刊;2014年11期
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相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 周瑞霞;业主集体行动困境分析[D];华中师范大学;2012年
2 王冠;集体行动的动力机制研究[D];吉林大学;2013年
3 袁青;集体行动的破解之道[D];华中师范大学;2014年
4 房秀兰;居民参与社区治理的理性思考[D];苏州大学;2014年
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