王船山“即民见天”民本思想研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 14:36

【摘要】：王船山“即民见天”民本思想是在继承中国传统民本思想的基础上发展起来的,并且又超越了传统民本思想的水平。在“天下为公’的认识前提下,王船山对传统民本思想中“君、臣、民”三者之间的关系作了深刻的反思,提出了“援天观民”、“即民见天”的观点。王船山认为,民意代表天意,反映天意。同时,他又主张从民心之中看天心,从民意之中看天意。他不仅认为上天立君的目的是为了民,而且君主置吏的目的也是为了民,把民众的生死忧乐、贫苦富裕作为衡量君主、官吏功罪的标尺。在他看来,君主的“第一天职”就是关心民众的生计,君主治理国家首先要考虑民情。在民生民情方面,王船山对民众追求经济利益给予了肯定,并提出了一系列“宽以养民”的政策主张,对后世产生了积极的影响。对于王船山“即民见天”民本思想的研究,本文拟从如下四个方面进行：一是对王船山本人所处的时代进行分析,弄清其民本思想产生的历史背景。同时,通过对中国传统民本思想发展脉络的疏理,找出其民本思想的历史渊源。二是通过对王船山“即民见天”民本思想中“本、天、民、君”等相关概念进行简单阐述,以求能对其思想有个大致的了解和印象。之后,再通过深入研究其民本思想中“尊君与限制君权”、“尊君与重民”两组对立统一的矛盾关系,彻底弄清其民本思想之内涵。三是对王船山“即民见天”民本思的实现路径进行深刻分析,找出其立论依据与实现方法。首先分析的是王船山“即民见天”民本思想形成的一个价值取向和理论基础,之后再分析其民本思想实现的方法和路径。本文认为,王船山民本思想坚持的是“民为国本”的价值取向,在“习与性成”的人性根基上,通过“宽以养民”的优惠政策保障,使民富裕,从而达到国富民安、社会稳定的目的,而“严以治吏”则是统治者实现国家安治的重要政治手段。四是通过王船山“即民见天”民本思想进行理论评价,弄清其理论价值和进步意义以及历史局限性,从而进一步探讨“即民见天”民本思想的当代现实意义。本文认为,王船山的民本思想继承和发扬了中国传统民本思想,在中国政治思想史上有有重要的地位。但是,也应该看到,王船山的思想动力仍来自于传统,并没有摆脱传统思想的束缚,缺少对专制制度彻底批判否定的勇气,因此,王船山民本思想也有其历史局限性。
[Abstract]:Wang Chuanshan's thought of "people seeing Heaven" is developed on the basis of inheriting Chinese traditional thought of people-oriented, and it surpasses the level of traditional thought of people-oriented. On the premise of "the world is common to people", Wang Chuanshan made a profound reflection on the relationship among the "monarch, minister and people" in the traditional people-oriented thought, and put forward the viewpoint of "assisting the heaven and watching the people", that is, "the people see the sky". Wang Chuanshan believes that public opinion represents the will of heaven and reflects it. At the same time, he also advocated from the hearts of the people to see the heart of heaven, from the will to see heaven. He not only thinks that the purpose of heaven to set up a monarch is for the people, but also the purpose of the monarch to buy officials is for the people, the people's life and death and happiness, poverty and wealth as a measure of the monarch, official meritorious crimes. In his view, the monarch's first duty is to care for the livelihood of the people. In the aspect of people's livelihood, Wang Chuanshan affirmed the people's pursuit of economic interests, and put forward a series of policy propositions of "leniency to support the people", which had a positive influence on later generations. For the study of Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought of "people see Heaven", this paper intends to carry on the following four aspects: first, it analyzes the age in which Wang Chuanshan himself lives and makes clear the historical background of Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought. At the same time, the author finds out the historical origin of Chinese traditional people-based thought. The second is to simply explain the related concepts of Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought, such as "Ben, Tian, Min, Jun" and so on, in order to have a general understanding and impression of his thoughts. After that, the author makes a thorough study of the contradictory relations between "respecting the monarch and restricting the monarchy" and "respecting the king and respecting the people" in his thought of "respecting the people" and making a thorough understanding of the connotation of his thought of "respect for the emperor and respect for the people". The third is to make a deep analysis of the realization path of Wang Chuanshan's "people see Heaven", and find out its theoretical basis and realization method. Firstly, it analyzes a value orientation and theoretical basis of the people-oriented thought of Wang Chuanshan "that is, people see Heaven", and then analyzes the method and path to realize the people-oriented thought of Wang Chuanshan. This paper holds that Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought adheres to the value orientation of "the people as the foundation of the country", and on the basis of the human nature of the "habit and nature", it can make the people rich and secure through the preferential policy of "cultivating the people with leniency", so as to achieve the prosperity of the country and the safety of the people. The purpose of social stability, and "strict governance of officials" is an important political means for rulers to achieve national security. Fourth, through the theoretical evaluation of Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought of "people seeing Heaven", the author clarifies its theoretical value and progressive significance, as well as its historical limitations, thus further exploring the contemporary practical significance of the people-oriented thought of "people see Heaven". This paper holds that Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought inherits and develops Chinese traditional people-oriented thought and plays an important role in the history of Chinese political thought. However, we should also see that Wang Chuanshan's ideological power still comes from tradition, and does not get rid of the bondage of traditional thought, and lacks the courage to criticize and negate the autocratic system completely. Therefore, Wang Chuanshan's people-oriented thought also has its historical limitations.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

【相似文献】