福利国家中的公民资格理论
发布时间：2018-10-15 16:14
【摘要】：工业化的发展，阶级运动的爆发，经济、文化方面的理论储备以及国内外政治因素的影响催生了福利国家。福利国家（WelfareState），是一种国家的形态，其政府在人民的经济和社会福利等行政事项中，扮演着推动和改革的关键角色。就消极方面而言，旨在祈求消除最大多数人的最大痛苦；就积极方面而言，则在增进最大多数人的最大幸福。简而言之，福利国家是以具体合理的政策，全力推动国民最低生活保障及增进国民福利为主的国家。福利国家在其发展过程中逐渐的容纳和平衡了多种利益，是一个长期的公民权演进过程所达到的高峰。在公民权利的理念下，福利成为公民应享有的个人权利，国家必须履行其对公民的福利责任。 现代福利国家的建立，是创造由国家保证公民社会权利的一种尝试，也是国家本身由政治国家过渡到社会化国家的结果。公民社会权利是建立普遍主义的福利国家的理论基础。根据社会生活中占主导地位的领域的不同以及社会价值观念的不同，资本主义国家的公民资格大体分为自由主义公民资格、传统公民资格和社会民主公民资格三种模式，并在此基础上建立了相应的福利国家.本文分别以美国、德国和瑞典为例进行研究，探索福利国家同公民资格模式之间的关系。福利国家从建立至今，经过了高速发展期、成熟期、危机时期和正在经历的改革调整期。资本主义福利国家目前所遭遇的危机是经济全球化的冲击，福利国家内部的政权合法性危机，人口老龄化问题，以及福利国家中的平等分配问题。不同的福利国家基于不同的国情，在面临福利国家危机时采取了完全不同的政策。资本主义福利国家所处的困境表现了资本主义公民资格的危机状况，，是资本主义社会中市场领域、国家领域和社会领域不和谐关系的体现。市场领域对公共领域和国家领域的侵犯，削弱了公民社会权利的基础。自由主义所推崇的个人至上的思想与福利国家所强调的公平正义思想是相矛盾的。现代公民资格缺乏对德行的追求，缺乏责任和自我牺牲的意识。解决公民资格危机的方法是回到古希腊的道德型公民资格理念中寻找思想资源。公民资格作为民主和正义的衍生物，除了国家的指导之外，需要公民的自律和合作。在比较了欧洲的福利国家制度，以及分析了当前我国存在的问题之后，对于包括中国在内的世界其他国家而言，建立一种保障公民权利的福利社会是未来的一种发展模式。
[Abstract]:The development of industrialization, the outbreak of class movement, the theoretical reserve of economy and culture, and the influence of political factors at home and abroad gave birth to the welfare state. The welfare state (WelfareState), is a kind of national form, and its government plays a key role in promoting and reforming the people's economic and social welfare and other administrative matters. On the negative side, the aim is to pray for the elimination of the greatest suffering of the greatest number of people; on the positive side, it promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest majority of people. In short, the welfare state is a country with concrete and reasonable policies to promote the minimum living security and enhance the national welfare. Welfare state gradually accommodates and balances a variety of interests in its development process, which is the peak of a long-term evolution of citizenship. Under the concept of civil rights, welfare becomes the individual right that citizens should enjoy, and the state must fulfill its welfare responsibility to its citizens. The establishment of a modern welfare state is an attempt to create a civil society right guaranteed by the state and the result of the transition from a political state to a socialized state. Civil social rights are the theoretical basis for the establishment of a universal welfare state. According to the different dominant fields and social values in social life, the citizenship of capitalist countries can be divided into three modes: liberal citizenship, traditional citizenship and social democratic citizenship. On this basis, the corresponding welfare state was established. This paper takes the United States, Germany and Sweden as examples to explore the relationship between welfare state and citizenship model. The welfare state has undergone a period of rapid development, maturity, crisis and reform and adjustment. The crisis encountered by the capitalist welfare state at present is the impact of economic globalization, the crisis of the legitimacy of the power within the welfare state, the aging of the population, and the equal distribution in the welfare state. Different welfare states adopt completely different policies in the face of welfare state crisis based on different national conditions. The plight of the capitalist welfare state shows the crisis of the capitalist citizenship and is the embodiment of the disharmonious relationship among the market field, the state field and the social field in the capitalist society. The violation of the public sphere and the state sphere by the market weakens the basis of civil society rights. The thought of individual supremacy advocated by liberalism contradicts the thought of fairness and justice emphasized by welfare state. Modern citizenship lacks the pursuit of virtue, the sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. The solution to the crisis of citizenship is to return to the moral concept of citizenship in ancient Greece to find ideological resources. Citizenship, as a derivative of democracy and justice, requires citizen self-discipline and cooperation in addition to the guidance of the state. After comparing the welfare state system in Europe and analyzing the existing problems in our country, for other countries including China, it is a future development mode to establish a welfare society to protect the civil rights.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D03
本文编号：2273077
[Abstract]:The development of industrialization, the outbreak of class movement, the theoretical reserve of economy and culture, and the influence of political factors at home and abroad gave birth to the welfare state. The welfare state (WelfareState), is a kind of national form, and its government plays a key role in promoting and reforming the people's economic and social welfare and other administrative matters. On the negative side, the aim is to pray for the elimination of the greatest suffering of the greatest number of people; on the positive side, it promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest majority of people. In short, the welfare state is a country with concrete and reasonable policies to promote the minimum living security and enhance the national welfare. Welfare state gradually accommodates and balances a variety of interests in its development process, which is the peak of a long-term evolution of citizenship. Under the concept of civil rights, welfare becomes the individual right that citizens should enjoy, and the state must fulfill its welfare responsibility to its citizens. The establishment of a modern welfare state is an attempt to create a civil society right guaranteed by the state and the result of the transition from a political state to a socialized state. Civil social rights are the theoretical basis for the establishment of a universal welfare state. According to the different dominant fields and social values in social life, the citizenship of capitalist countries can be divided into three modes: liberal citizenship, traditional citizenship and social democratic citizenship. On this basis, the corresponding welfare state was established. This paper takes the United States, Germany and Sweden as examples to explore the relationship between welfare state and citizenship model. The welfare state has undergone a period of rapid development, maturity, crisis and reform and adjustment. The crisis encountered by the capitalist welfare state at present is the impact of economic globalization, the crisis of the legitimacy of the power within the welfare state, the aging of the population, and the equal distribution in the welfare state. Different welfare states adopt completely different policies in the face of welfare state crisis based on different national conditions. The plight of the capitalist welfare state shows the crisis of the capitalist citizenship and is the embodiment of the disharmonious relationship among the market field, the state field and the social field in the capitalist society. The violation of the public sphere and the state sphere by the market weakens the basis of civil society rights. The thought of individual supremacy advocated by liberalism contradicts the thought of fairness and justice emphasized by welfare state. Modern citizenship lacks the pursuit of virtue, the sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. The solution to the crisis of citizenship is to return to the moral concept of citizenship in ancient Greece to find ideological resources. Citizenship, as a derivative of democracy and justice, requires citizen self-discipline and cooperation in addition to the guidance of the state. After comparing the welfare state system in Europe and analyzing the existing problems in our country, for other countries including China, it is a future development mode to establish a welfare society to protect the civil rights.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D03
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