分析苏格兰民族运动的成因
发布时间：2018-10-17 22:27
【摘要】：“爱丁堡协议”的签署使2014年“苏格兰独立”公投合法化。这将是一个具有历史意义的时刻，苏格兰人民将在此次公投中决定苏格兰，乃至整个英国的命运。尽管目前民意调查显示，多数苏格兰人还是支持维持现状，但不可否认的是苏格兰民族运动在过去三十年间有愈演愈烈的趋势。 本文的目的在于探讨、研究苏格兰民族运动背后的四大成因：经济发展和民族运动息息相关，是其最主要的推动因素，尤其是七十年代北海油田的发现给了民族主义者极大的经济独立的信心；欧盟一体化进程降低了苏格兰独立的门槛，减少了独立可能带来的冲击；苏格兰民族党被选民视为认同的政党，在竞选中节节攀升，而在苏格兰长期居领导地位的工党未能认清放权后局势的改变而对民族运动的升温做出积极应对，从侧面推动了苏格兰民族党的成功；苏格兰人的民族认同感越来越强烈。 不论2014年公投结果如何，可以肯定的是苏格兰将会寻求更多自主权，，放权的力度只会有增无减，以应对英联合王国在当代暴露出的缺陷和世界新局势带来的挑战。
[Abstract]:The signing of the Edinburgh Accord legitimized the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum. It will be a historic moment for the people of Scotland to decide the fate of Scotland, and of Britain as a whole, in this referendum. While opinion polls now show that most Scots still support the status quo, it is undeniable that the Scottish National Movement has grown stronger over the past three decades. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the four causes behind the Scottish national movement: the economic development is closely related to the national movement, which is the most important driving factor. In particular, the discovery of the North Sea oil fields in the 1970s gave the nationalists great confidence in economic independence; the integration process of the European Union lowered the threshold of Scottish independence and reduced the possible impact of independence. The Scottish National Party (SNP), regarded by voters as a recognized political party, has climbed in the election campaign, while the Labour Party, which has long held a leading position in Scotland, has failed to recognize the changes in the situation after the devolution of power and has responded positively to the rise of the national movement. The success of the Scottish National Party has been fuelled by the growing national identity of Scots. Whatever the outcome of the 2014 referendum, it is certain that Scotland will seek more autonomy and that decentralization will only increase in response to the UK's contemporary shortcomings and the challenges posed by the new world situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D062
本文编号：2278221
[Abstract]:The signing of the Edinburgh Accord legitimized the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum. It will be a historic moment for the people of Scotland to decide the fate of Scotland, and of Britain as a whole, in this referendum. While opinion polls now show that most Scots still support the status quo, it is undeniable that the Scottish National Movement has grown stronger over the past three decades. The purpose of this paper is to explore and study the four causes behind the Scottish national movement: the economic development is closely related to the national movement, which is the most important driving factor. In particular, the discovery of the North Sea oil fields in the 1970s gave the nationalists great confidence in economic independence; the integration process of the European Union lowered the threshold of Scottish independence and reduced the possible impact of independence. The Scottish National Party (SNP), regarded by voters as a recognized political party, has climbed in the election campaign, while the Labour Party, which has long held a leading position in Scotland, has failed to recognize the changes in the situation after the devolution of power and has responded positively to the rise of the national movement. The success of the Scottish National Party has been fuelled by the growing national identity of Scots. Whatever the outcome of the 2014 referendum, it is certain that Scotland will seek more autonomy and that decentralization will only increase in response to the UK's contemporary shortcomings and the challenges posed by the new world situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D062
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 王磊;;当代苏格兰民族主义运动探析[J];世界民族;2011年05期
2 杨义萍;申义怀;;苏格兰的民族独立运动及其影响[J];现代国际关系;1992年05期
本文编号：2278221
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