刘师培对中国古代民本思想的认识与解读

发布时间：2018-10-18 10:52

【摘要】：刘师培作为一代国学大师,对中国传统文化有着深入的研究。对产生于中国上古的民本思想,他也多有涉猎与评说。他认为,民本思想是中国上古出现的一种国家政治治理的理念。民本思想在国家政治治理中强调以民为本,以全体民众的安居乐业作为国家治理行为的出发点和最高追求。民本思想的关键要素是在国家中民众与君主之间的关系是一种特殊的主体与客体的关系。即民众是国家的主体,君主是国家的客体。民本思想的实际实现方式必然是民众参与议政。即议政是民众对国家政治活动的主要参与方式,是民众能够按自己的愿望影响国家政治运作的主要途径。如果没有君主与民众间的良好沟通机制,君主与民众各行其是,国家治理就会走向歧途。刘师培认为,民本思想的最终理想价值指向无疑是世界大同。但是,实现世界大同有着很多具体的困难。比较而言,先行实现小康社会,最终实现世界大同就成了唯一具有可能性的选择。
[Abstract]:As a master of Chinese culture, Liu Shipei has a deep research on Chinese traditional culture. He also dabbles in and comments on the people-oriented thought that originated in ancient China. He believed that the people-oriented thought was a kind of political governance idea that appeared in ancient China. The people-oriented thought emphasizes the people-first and takes the people's peace and contentment as the starting point and the highest pursuit of the national governance. The key element of the people-oriented thought is that the relationship between the people and the monarch is a special relationship between the subject and the object. That is, the public is the subject of the state, and the monarch is the object of the state. The practical realization of the people-based thought must be the participation of the people in the discussion of politics. That is, discussing politics is the main way for people to participate in national political activities, and it is the main way for people to influence the political operation of the country according to their own wishes. Without good communication between monarch and populace, monarch and populace go their own way, governance will go astray. Liu Shipei believes that the ultimate ideal value of the people-based thought is undoubtedly the same in the world. However, there are many concrete difficulties in realizing world harmony. Comparatively speaking, realizing well-off society first and realizing world harmony finally become the only possible choice.
【作者单位】：中共成都市委党校;
【分类号】：D092

【共引文献】