探析波普尔批判理性主义政治哲学的基本体系
发布时间：2018-10-21 12:51
【摘要】：作为批判理性主义哲学的创始人，波普尔认为必须恢复康德，以至于古希腊以来理性批判的传统，去除理性的独断。波普尔批判理性主义思想在政治哲领域中表现为对理性的审查，对绝对历史规律和历史预言的批判。因为二者往往是与整体主义思想紧密联系的，并会导致极权主义。波普尔批判理性主义政治哲学自成体系，在方法论角度以证伪思想对历史决定论及整体主义的批判对其批判理性主义政治哲学进行了论证。证伪思想源于波普尔科学哲学思想中对归纳问题的解决。继休谟对归纳法颠覆性的质疑之后，波普尔进一步通过对逻辑实证主义者证实原则的批判，确立了证伪主义的原则。试错方法及其形而上学的研究纲领实在论和非决定论，，为波普尔批判理性主义政治哲学奠定了坚实的方法论基石。波普尔在运用证伪思想批判历史决定论思想的过程中，同时也凸显了其价值观及政治哲学的价值诉求：反对极权主义，致力于追求人道主义的正义、自由和民主。开放社会即以理性的批判和民主制度为标志。与历史决定论的乌托邦社会工程相反，波普尔主张通过渐进社会工程走向开放社会。达至波普尔批判理性主义哲学观的方法论是证伪思想，实现其哲学理念及价值观的制度途径表现为渐进社会工程。文章试图以此为逻辑线路经由理念到表象、抽象到具体，以期探求波普尔政治哲学的基本体系。关于理性的独断，在政治哲学思想史上对其进行深刻地分析并持审慎批判态度的思想家诸如哈耶克、奥克肖特等，在哲学观、价值观等方面与波普尔有或同或异之处。本文试图以此对比为辅线，以对波普尔的政治哲学观点及体系有一更明了的分析。
[Abstract]:As the founder of critical rationalism philosophy Popper thought it was necessary to restore Kant so that the tradition of rational criticism since ancient Greece was removed from rational arbitrariness. Popper's criticism of rationalism in the field of political philosophy is characterized by a review of reason and a critique of absolute historical laws and historical prophecies. Because the two are often closely related to the idea of holism, and will lead to totalitarianism. Popper criticizes rationalism political philosophy as its own system, and proves its critical rationalism political philosophy with the criticism of historical determinism and holism from the perspective of methodology. The theory of falsification originates from the solution of inductive problems in Popper's philosophy of science. After Hume questioned the subversive nature of inductive law Popper further established the principle of falsification by criticizing the principle of confirmation of logical positivism. Trial and error methods and their metaphysical research program realism and non-determinism lay a solid methodological foundation for Popper's criticism of rationalist political philosophy. In the process of criticizing historical determinism by means of falsification thought Popper also highlights the value demands of his values and political philosophy: opposing totalitarianism and devoting himself to pursuing humanitarianism justice freedom and democracy. Open society is marked by rational criticism and democratic system. Contrary to the historical determinism of Utopian social engineering, Popper advocates moving towards an open society through progressive social engineering. The methodology of Popper's critical philosophy of rationalism is falsification, and the institutional approach to realize his philosophy and values is progressive social engineering. This paper attempts to use this as a logical line to explore the basic system of Popper's political philosophy by means of concept to representation and abstract to concrete. On the arbitrariness of reason, thinkers such as Hayek and Oakchott, who deeply analyzed and critically criticized it in the history of political philosophy thought, have some similarities or differences with Popper in the aspects of philosophy, values and so on. This paper attempts to make a clearer analysis of Popper's political philosophy and its system.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D0
本文编号：2285142
[Abstract]:As the founder of critical rationalism philosophy Popper thought it was necessary to restore Kant so that the tradition of rational criticism since ancient Greece was removed from rational arbitrariness. Popper's criticism of rationalism in the field of political philosophy is characterized by a review of reason and a critique of absolute historical laws and historical prophecies. Because the two are often closely related to the idea of holism, and will lead to totalitarianism. Popper criticizes rationalism political philosophy as its own system, and proves its critical rationalism political philosophy with the criticism of historical determinism and holism from the perspective of methodology. The theory of falsification originates from the solution of inductive problems in Popper's philosophy of science. After Hume questioned the subversive nature of inductive law Popper further established the principle of falsification by criticizing the principle of confirmation of logical positivism. Trial and error methods and their metaphysical research program realism and non-determinism lay a solid methodological foundation for Popper's criticism of rationalist political philosophy. In the process of criticizing historical determinism by means of falsification thought Popper also highlights the value demands of his values and political philosophy: opposing totalitarianism and devoting himself to pursuing humanitarianism justice freedom and democracy. Open society is marked by rational criticism and democratic system. Contrary to the historical determinism of Utopian social engineering, Popper advocates moving towards an open society through progressive social engineering. The methodology of Popper's critical philosophy of rationalism is falsification, and the institutional approach to realize his philosophy and values is progressive social engineering. This paper attempts to use this as a logical line to explore the basic system of Popper's political philosophy by means of concept to representation and abstract to concrete. On the arbitrariness of reason, thinkers such as Hayek and Oakchott, who deeply analyzed and critically criticized it in the history of political philosophy thought, have some similarities or differences with Popper in the aspects of philosophy, values and so on. This paper attempts to make a clearer analysis of Popper's political philosophy and its system.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D0
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