现代性的出路:卢卡奇与施米特对政治正当性的求解

发布时间：2018-10-22 17:27

【摘要】：在经济理性思维主导的现代社会中,政治沦为技术,正当性失去其基本规范。因此,重建新的政治正当性成为挽救现代性危机的基本思路。在韦伯"政治抱负"的指引下,卢卡奇与施米特开始追问政治的真实意蕴,在吸纳黑格尔主奴辩证法的基础上,建构了两种不同的政治正当性论证。施米特将消弭政治概念的自由主义与马克思主义视作批判对象,强调政治的生存性本质,决断敌友是其构建正当性的基础;而卢卡奇则将马克思的阶级斗争学说发展壮大,并从某种程度上回应了施米特对马克思主义的曲解。实际上,当施米特将政治权威托付给启示真理的罗马天主教会时,就意味着他不可能真正地理解马克思主义,他的主权决断论也只能是一种阶级对抗的激进化体现。重审卢卡奇与施米特对自由主义现代性的批判及其相互之间的论争,是反思现代自由民主问题所不能回避的重要视域。
[Abstract]:In the modern society dominated by economic rational thinking, politics degenerates into technology, and legitimacy loses its basic norms. Therefore, the reconstruction of new political legitimacy is the basic idea to save the crisis of modernity. Under the guidance of Weber's "political ambition", Lukacs and Schmitt began to ask about the true meaning of politics. On the basis of absorbing Hegel's master and slave dialectics, they constructed two different political justification arguments. Schmitt regarded liberalism and Marxism that eliminated political concepts as critical objects, emphasizing the survival nature of politics, and deciding whether their enemies or friends were the basis for their legitimacy. Lukacs, on the other hand, developed and expanded Marx's theory of class struggle. To some extent, Schmitt responded to the misinterpretation of Marxism. In fact, when Schmitt entrusted political authority to the Roman Catholic Church, which revealed the truth, it meant that he could not really understand Marxism, and his sovereign decision theory could only be a radical embodiment of class confrontation. Reexamining Lukacs and Schmitt's criticism of liberalism modernity and their arguments between them is an important horizon that can not be evaded by the reflection on modern liberal democracy.
【作者单位】：吉林大学哲学社会学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义政治哲学重大基础理论问题研究”(编号:15ZDB002);国家社科基金青年项目“历史唯物主义与古典经济学理论传承关系研究”(编号:15CZX004) 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“自由的现实化:马克思政治哲学研究”(编号:RW170109)
【分类号】：D091

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