贝林格“历史性妥协”思想研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 17:49
【摘要】：恩里科·贝林格是国际共产主义运动的著名活动家,他把毕生精力献给了意大利追求社会主义的伟大事业,其提出的“历史性妥协”思想为意大利处理各党之间的正确关系和促进共产主义运动的发展作出了杰出贡献。研究这一思想,有利于丰富和发展科学社会主义理论,有利于把握新形势下发达国家共产党生存和发展的基本规律,为世界共产党坚守马克思主义阵地提供诸多启示。首先,贝林格“历史性妥协”理论的形成有着深刻的理论渊源和现实基础,一方面,葛兰西的联盟战略和陶里亚蒂“萨莱诺转折”的理论为“历史性妥协”提供了理论基础,另一方面,意大利分裂且多元的政治文化和20世纪60-70年代天主教界的“左”转倾向是“历史性妥协”思想形成的现实基础。此外,智利政变事件也为意共提出“历史性妥协”思想提供了契机。文章从五个方面对贝林格“历史性妥协”思想的主要内容作出介绍。第一,主张促进各种大的社会力量和大的政治力量协同一致;第二,主张促进中间阶层和工人阶级之间的利益一致;第三,寻求同天民党谅解,但不放弃批评天民党的权利;第四,尊重宗教对生活的指导和尊重宗教信仰自由;第五,主张执行缓和政策,支持欧洲的利益。同时,本文对贝林格“历史性妥协”思想在20世纪70年代末受挫并最终失败的原因进行深入解读。分析认为意共“历史性妥协”的失败一方面是因为意共为了达到执政目的,其指导思想的去马克思主义化,放弃民主集中制,造成党内思想混乱。另一方面,随着历史性妥协思想的实施,意大利国内社会基础的变化和共产党内部出现了阶级认同难题。当前对贝林格“历史性妥协”思想的研究有着重要的历史价值:一方面,这一思想对发达资本主义国家探索社会主义道路产生了深远影响。另一方面,“历史性妥协”思想为国际共产主义运动留下了宝贵的经验。同时,“历史性妥协”思想为发达资本主义国家当前的世界社会主义运动提供了较多启示:第一,发达国家共产党应该重视群众性的经济和政治斗争,建设具有革新精神的群众性政党;第二,要坚持独立自主的探索社会主义道路,建立稳定的左翼联盟;第三,发达国家共产党争取执政的过程具有长期性和艰巨性,要把马克思主义同本国实际情况相结合,制定符合本国实际的纲领政策。同时,正确处理党内意见分歧和矛盾冲突。
[Abstract]:Enrico Berlinguer, a prominent activist of the international communist movement, devoted his life to the great cause of Italy's pursuit of socialism. His idea of "historic compromise" has made an outstanding contribution to Italy's handling of the correct relations between the parties and promoting the development of the communist movement. The study of this thought is beneficial to enrich and develop the scientific socialist theory, to grasp the basic laws of the existence and development of the Communist Party of developed countries under the new situation, and to provide many inspirations for the Communist Party of the world to stick to the Marxist position. First of all, the formation of Berlinguer's theory of "historic compromise" has a profound theoretical origin and practical foundation. On the one hand, Gramsci's alliance strategy and Toriarty's "Saleo transition" theory provide a theoretical basis for "historical compromise". On the other hand, the split and pluralistic political culture in Italy and the "left" tendency of the Catholic community in the 1960s and 1970s were the realistic basis for the formation of the idea of "historic compromise". In addition, the coup in Chile also provided an opportunity for the idea of historical compromise. This paper introduces the main contents of Berlinguer's thought of historical compromise from five aspects. First, to promote the unity of various social forces and political forces; second, to promote the unity of interests between the middle class and the working class; third, to seek understanding with the Democratic Party, but not to give up the right to criticize the Party; Fourth, to respect religious guidance in life and to respect freedom of religious belief; fifthly, to advocate the implementation of policies of detente and support for the interests of Europe. At the same time, this paper deeply explains the reason why Berlinguer's thought of historic compromise was frustrated and finally failed in the late 70's of the 20th century. It is believed that the failure of the "historic compromise" of the Communist Party of Italy is, on the one hand, because in order to achieve the purpose of ruling, the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of Italy is deMarxism and gives up democratic centralism, resulting in ideological confusion within the Party. On the other hand, with the implementation of the historical compromise thought, the change of the social foundation and the class identity problem appeared in the Communist Party. At present, the study of Berlinguer's thought of "historic compromise" has important historical value: on the one hand, it has a profound influence on the exploration of socialist road in developed capitalist countries. On the other hand, the idea of historical compromise left valuable experience for the international communist movement. At the same time, the idea of "historic compromise" has provided more enlightenment for the current world socialist movement in developed capitalist countries. First, the Communist Party of developed countries should attach importance to the mass economic and political struggle. To build a mass political party with a spirit of innovation; Second, we should adhere to the independent exploration of the socialist road, and establish a stable left-wing coalition; Third, the process of the Communist Party of developed countries striving for power is of a long and arduous nature, so it is necessary to combine Marxism with the actual conditions of our country and formulate a program policy that conforms to the actual conditions of our country. At the same time, the correct handling of inner-party differences of opinion and conflicts.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
本文编号：2298367
[Abstract]:Enrico Berlinguer, a prominent activist of the international communist movement, devoted his life to the great cause of Italy's pursuit of socialism. His idea of "historic compromise" has made an outstanding contribution to Italy's handling of the correct relations between the parties and promoting the development of the communist movement. The study of this thought is beneficial to enrich and develop the scientific socialist theory, to grasp the basic laws of the existence and development of the Communist Party of developed countries under the new situation, and to provide many inspirations for the Communist Party of the world to stick to the Marxist position. First of all, the formation of Berlinguer's theory of "historic compromise" has a profound theoretical origin and practical foundation. On the one hand, Gramsci's alliance strategy and Toriarty's "Saleo transition" theory provide a theoretical basis for "historical compromise". On the other hand, the split and pluralistic political culture in Italy and the "left" tendency of the Catholic community in the 1960s and 1970s were the realistic basis for the formation of the idea of "historic compromise". In addition, the coup in Chile also provided an opportunity for the idea of historical compromise. This paper introduces the main contents of Berlinguer's thought of historical compromise from five aspects. First, to promote the unity of various social forces and political forces; second, to promote the unity of interests between the middle class and the working class; third, to seek understanding with the Democratic Party, but not to give up the right to criticize the Party; Fourth, to respect religious guidance in life and to respect freedom of religious belief; fifthly, to advocate the implementation of policies of detente and support for the interests of Europe. At the same time, this paper deeply explains the reason why Berlinguer's thought of historic compromise was frustrated and finally failed in the late 70's of the 20th century. It is believed that the failure of the "historic compromise" of the Communist Party of Italy is, on the one hand, because in order to achieve the purpose of ruling, the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of Italy is deMarxism and gives up democratic centralism, resulting in ideological confusion within the Party. On the other hand, with the implementation of the historical compromise thought, the change of the social foundation and the class identity problem appeared in the Communist Party. At present, the study of Berlinguer's thought of "historic compromise" has important historical value: on the one hand, it has a profound influence on the exploration of socialist road in developed capitalist countries. On the other hand, the idea of historical compromise left valuable experience for the international communist movement. At the same time, the idea of "historic compromise" has provided more enlightenment for the current world socialist movement in developed capitalist countries. First, the Communist Party of developed countries should attach importance to the mass economic and political struggle. To build a mass political party with a spirit of innovation; Second, we should adhere to the independent exploration of the socialist road, and establish a stable left-wing coalition; Third, the process of the Communist Party of developed countries striving for power is of a long and arduous nature, so it is necessary to combine Marxism with the actual conditions of our country and formulate a program policy that conforms to the actual conditions of our country. At the same time, the correct handling of inner-party differences of opinion and conflicts.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D091
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