建构主义的理论融合及其批判

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:01

【摘要】：建构主义的发展令亚历山大.温特认识到建构主义仍然存在的一些学理空间和发展趋向问题。其中有两个方面值得注意：一是理论层次的拓展延伸，二是理论内涵的深化。建构主义与国际政治两大主流理论融合并试图建立新的理论，这无疑是一个大胆的设想，因此也引起了学界的高度关注。根据温特和巴尔金的逻辑分别对建构主义的理论融合进行探讨。前者认为建构主义由于采用结构主义、国家中心主义，因而含有现实主义成分；同时他又对国际社会的演进持有乐观精神，这使建构主义又有自由主义的一面。后者主要批判温特理论本质上是自由主义。鉴于此，要讨论建构主义的融合问题，应当首先对建构主义的理论背景进行介绍。建构主义源自社会学的批判理论，在发展过程中主要通过批判新现实主义进行理论阐述，被称为建构主义的国际政治理论。其次，探讨建构主义与现实主义以及和自由主义的关系。一方面，建构主义与现实主义有着科学实在论的理论基础，相似的结构主义理论框架，高度的国家中心主义，但本体论的差别决定二者很难融合；另一方面，建构主义与自由主义有着极高的相似度。一是认识论相同，二是强调社会的进步，三是“观念无处不在”是理论的核心内容。通过分析发现，建构主义较自由主义国际理论表现出更强的理想主义色彩。建构主义自由主义倾向问题的关键在于，温特的理论不仅是社会理论，更应是国际政治理论。建构主义在解释无政府主义时，康德主义一直饱受争议，同为社会理论的英国学派却认为康德主义价值中立。二者的不同之处源于英国学派深受格劳修斯主义影响，，从战争理论中吸取经验，贴近国际政治现实。英国学派以历史和社会眼光洞察世界，将国际社会和世界社会称为成熟的无政府主义。最后，在进行理论融合的过程中发现建构主义自身存在的两个问题：一是从未系统阐述自身理论；二是实践过程中缺少可操作性。针对存在的问题，一方面，根据索绪尔结构语言学理论重新修订建构主义的结构观；另一方面，充分考虑民族主义、主权问题、国内政治等因素对于国家互动的影响。此外，将博弈论引入建构主义将使建构主义焕发出更强的“生命力”。
[Abstract]:The development of constructivism made Alexander. Winter recognized that constructivism still has some theoretical space and developmental trends. There are two aspects that deserve attention: the extension of theoretical level and the deepening of theoretical connotation. The combination of constructivism and international politics and attempts to establish new theories is undoubtedly a bold idea, which has aroused great concern in academic circles. According to the logic of Winter and Balkin, this paper discusses the theory fusion of constructivism. The former holds that constructivism contains realism because of its structuralism and state-centrism, and at the same time he holds the optimistic spirit for the evolution of international society, which makes constructivism have a liberal side. The latter mainly criticizes that Winter's theory is essentially liberalism. In view of this, to discuss the integration of constructivism, we should first introduce the theoretical background of constructivism. Constructivism originates from the critical theory of sociology. In the process of development, constructivism is described mainly by criticizing neo-realism, which is called the international political theory of constructivism. Secondly, it discusses the relationship between constructivism and realism and liberalism. On the one hand, constructivism and realism have the theoretical foundation of scientific realism, similar structuralism theory frame, high state centralism, but the difference of ontology makes it difficult to merge them. On the other hand, constructivism and liberalism have very high similarity. One is that epistemology is the same, the other is the emphasis on social progress, and the third is that "concept everywhere" is the core of the theory. It is found that constructivism is more idealistic than liberal international theory. The key to the problem of constructivist liberalism is that Winter's theory is not only social theory, but also international political theory. Constructivism has been controversial in explaining anarchism, but the English school, which is also a social theory, considers Kant's value neutral. The difference between the two is that the English school was deeply influenced by Grothesianism and drew experience from the theory of war and drew close to the international political reality. The British school has a historical and social insight into the world and calls the international community and the world community a mature anarchism. Finally, in the process of theoretical integration, we find two problems of constructivism itself: one is never systematically expounding its own theory, the other is the lack of maneuverability in the process of practice. In view of the existing problems, on the one hand, according to Saussure's structural linguistics theory, the constructivist structural view is revised; on the other hand, the influence of nationalism, sovereignty, domestic politics and other factors on the interaction of the state is fully considered. In addition, the introduction of game theory into constructivism will give constructivism a stronger vitality.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D0

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