城乡政治认同比较实证研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 20:48

【摘要】：一直以来,城乡二元社会结构就为学者所诟病。这方面的研究主要集中在户籍制度所造成城市和农村之间的客观差别,尤其突出的特点就是城市和农村之间不平衡的资源配置,还有市民和农民间权利的不平等。但对于城乡关系的把握,对市民和农民关于这种客观差别的主观感受,以及主观心理对政治体系的影响,这些方面都需要深入研究。毕竟,主观心理层面研究能够对社会成员的政治行为和趋向做出预测,并利于政府提前有针对地实行改进措施。政治认同就为我们提供了这个角度。它是社会成员对政治系统的归属感和依附感,是政治体系存续、政府政策施行的重要条件。通过实证调研,我们就能够准确地、具体地掌握城乡政治认同的现状。本文尝试运用戴维·伊斯顿对政治权力合法性层次的分类,即共同体、典则、当局三个层面的分野,对城乡政治认同的现状进行梳理和分析。在城乡共同体层面的政治认同比较中,数据显示的是城乡高水平的共同体认同度,这可以运用生态范围理论做出解释。在典则层面,城乡政治认同的比较中,农民相较于与市民表现出更高的典则认同度。这是因为典则认同度受到制度设计的规范性和制度运行公正性两方面的影响。改革开放以来的制度建设和以民生重点的价值理念都促使城乡较高的政治认同度。而市民在物质利益得到更大满足后,他们对规范性和公正性这两方面都表现出较高的预期。但相较于实际的制度建设,他们在主观心理层面存在落差。在城乡当局层面的认同度的比较中,本文从纵向政府层面和横向政府层面两个维度,对城乡当局政治认同度进行比较。城乡居民对纵向政府的认同度并没有很大区别,都表现出由中央政府到各级地方政府认同度逐渐下降的特点。但相同认同度的原因是相异的。实际上,它受到社会成员直接利益权衡和信息传播机制两方面因素的影响。横向政府的认同比较中,制度化的政治参与和社会成员的生态范围是认同度的影响因素。在这两方面的影响下,无论是人大机关还是公检法,城乡居民都表现出了较低的认同度。在三个层面的比较中,共同体认同水平最高,其次是典则认同,最后是当局认同。三者之间是顺序依存的关系。最后,根据城乡各层次相同或相异认同度的原因,本文总结出了提升城乡政治认同度的对策建议。总共有四个方面：发展市场经济以增加政治认同物质基础及培育“民主人”的心理特质；塑造普适性的主流意识形态并建立透明、民主的信息传播机制；消除城乡在就业、社保、医疗、土地政策方面的区别对待；完善基层民主制度以维护社会成员平等的政治参与权利。统筹城乡发展是科学发展观中“五个统筹”的重要一个方面,而且城市居民和农村居民是社会成员的最基本分野。因此,改善城乡关系,提高城乡政治认同度关系到和谐社会的构建,关系到改革、发展、稳定的大局。
[Abstract]:Since all the time, the urban-rural dual-social structure has been the scholar's disease. This research focuses on the objective difference between urban and rural areas, especially the imbalance between urban and rural areas, and inequality between citizens and farmers. But for the understanding of the relationship between the urban and rural areas, the subjective feelings about this objective difference and the influence of subjective psychology on the political system need to be studied deeply. After all, the subjective psychological level research can predict the political behavior and tendency of the members of society, and it is beneficial to the government to carry out the improvement measures in advance. Political identity provides us with this angle. It is the sense of belonging and dependence of the members of society to the political system, which is the important condition of the existence of the political system and the implementation of the government policy. Through empirical research, we can accurately and concretely grasp the present situation of urban and rural political identity. In this paper, we try to classify the political power's legitimacy level by using David Eastton, that is, the community, the ceremony, the three levels of the authorities, and the status quo of urban and rural political identity is carded out. Analysis. In the comparison of political identity at the community level of urban and rural communities, the data shows the high level of community recognition in both urban and rural areas, which can be made with the theory of ecological scope. Interpretation. In the comparison of political identity between urban and rural areas, the peasant phase is better than that of the public. The same degree. This is because the degree of recognition is subject to the standardization of system design and the fairness of system operation. Impact. The system construction since the reform and opening up and the value concept of people's livelihood have contributed to higher political recognition in both urban and rural areas In the same degree, after the material benefits are more satisfied, they show a higher level of standardization and fairness Expected. But compared with the actual system construction, they exist at the subjective psychological level The paper analyzes the political recognition of urban and rural authorities from two dimensions: the vertical government level and the horizontal government level. By comparison, the recognition of the longitudinal government by both urban and rural residents is not very different, and it shows that the recognition of the same degree by the central government to the local governments at all levels has gradually declined. Features. But the same degree of recognition is the phase In fact, it is influenced by the direct interests of members of society and the mechanism of information dissemination The influence of the transverse government's identity is that the institutionalized political participation and the ecological scope of the social members are the influence of the recognition degree. The influence of these two factors, whether the people's congress organ or the public inspection law, both urban and rural residents show a lower recognition At the same level, in the comparison of three levels, the community identity is the highest, followed by the code, and finally the authorities Identity. It's a sequential dependency between the three. Finally, according to the same or different degrees of similarity between urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes the degree of political recognition in urban and rural areas. A total of four areas: developing a market economy to increase political identity Quality foundation and culture To cultivate the psychological characteristics of "democracy"; to shape the mainstream ideology of universality and to establish a transparent and democratic information transmission mechanism; to eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas in employment, social security, medical treatment and land policy; improve the grass-roots democracy system to safeguard the equality of the members of the society Participate in the right to participate in urban and rural development On the View of Scientific Development One of the important aspects of the "five co-ordination" is that urban and rural residents are members of society Therefore, improve the urban-rural relations, improve the urban-rural political recognition relations to the construction of a harmonious society, relation to reform and development,
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D0

【参考文献】