洛克政府思想评析

发布时间：2018-11-17 20:11

【摘要】：约翰·洛克是第一位对政府理论进行全面阐述的思想家,其政府理论主要体现在《政府论》一书中。本文在阅读《政府论》一书的基础上,结合洛克所处的时代背景,试图较为全面的理解洛克的政府思想。本文对洛克的政府起源思想及权力运行思想作了较为深入的探讨。洛克认为政府起源于自然状态,由于自然状态存在一定的缺陷,人们相互达成协议,订立契约,进入政治社会,创建政府。政府权力来源于人民自然权利的让渡,为保证政府权力的有效运行,洛克主张将权力分为立法权、执行权和对外权,通过三权分立实现权力之间的相互制衡,用法律制度规范人民行为,限制政府权力,特权则是为更好的应对各种突发状况,为公众谋取福利,最后文章对洛克的政府思想做了评析,体现了思想的进步性与局限性。对洛克政府思想的研究有助于加深对政府职能与起源的研究,有助于推进现代政府理论的研究。
[Abstract]:John Locke is the first thinker to expound the theory of government comprehensively. His theory of government is mainly embodied in the book of the Theory of Government. On the basis of reading the book "on Government" and combining Locke's background of the times, this paper tries to understand Locke's government thought in a more comprehensive way. This paper probes into Locke's thought of the origin of government and the thought of power operation. Locke believed that the government originated from the natural state. Because of the defects of the natural state, people reached an agreement with each other, entered into the political society, and created the government. The power of government originates from the transfer of people's natural rights. In order to ensure the effective operation of government power, Locke advocates to divide the power into legislative power, executive power and external power, and to realize the checks and balances between the powers through the separation of the three powers. With the legal system to regulate the behavior of the people, limit the power of the government, privilege is to better deal with all kinds of emergencies, for the public welfare. Finally, the article comments on Locke's government thought, reflects the thought of progress and limitations. The study of Locke's government thought is helpful to deepen the research on the function and origin of government and to promote the study of modern government theory.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091

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