“信念论”抑或“怀疑论”：欧克肖特的“公民社团”思想探析

发布时间：2018-12-10 08:15

【摘要】： 本文试图以欧克肖特的“公民社团”理论作为注脚,解释现代性背景下自由主义的危机与可行的方案,通过探讨理性主义深刻的危机阐释欧克肖特的政治哲学的独到之处。一方面,严格区分“事业社团”与“公民社团”；另一方面,阐释理想型“公民社团”的可行性。文章分成四个部分,第一部分讨论“政治中的理性主义”造成的现代政治哲学危机,为欧克肖特后续理论的提出做好理论脚注；第二部分,讨论核心概念“公民社团”这一提法的前提：欧克肖特的“法治观念”；第三个方面,展开“公民社团”理论的详细内容,主要从“溯源”,“道德实践”和欧克肖特的“航海学”隐喻三个方面进行分析,厘清欧克肖特划定的“公民社团”范围；最后一个部分,基于前述三个部分的分析,我们得出了欧克肖特政治哲学的“结论”即在“怀疑论”和“信念论”中进行取舍,从而揭示出本文的写作意图。具体的写作思路是,首先,从知识论的角度,展开对于西方理性主义的批判。继而在这个批判的基础上确立一个基本观点：理性主义对于政治哲学及政治生活没有合法的干涉理由。在对理性主义之于政治哲学领域的合法性予以否定后,再展开对信念论政治与怀疑论政治的对比。通过对于这两种理论上的模式分析从而切入到欧克肖特政治哲学的重心——公民社团的思想。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to explain the crisis of liberalism under the background of modernity and the feasible scheme with Oakchott's theory of "Civil Society" as the footnotes, and by exploring the profound crisis of rationalism to explain the originality of Oakchott's political philosophy. On the one hand, it strictly distinguishes between "business association" and "citizen society"; on the other hand, it explains the feasibility of ideal "citizen society". The article is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the crisis of modern political philosophy caused by "rationalism in Politics", and makes a theoretical footnote for the subsequent theory of Okchott. The second part, discusses the core concept of "civil society" the premise of the formulation: Oakchott's "concept of the rule of law"; Thirdly, the detailed contents of the theory of "civil society" are carried out, which are mainly analyzed from the aspects of "tracing to the source", "moral practice" and "nautical metaphor" of Oakchott, to clarify the scope of "civil society" defined by Oakchott; In the last part, based on the analysis of the above three parts, we come to the conclusion of the political philosophy of Oakchott, that is, to choose and choose between the theory of doubt and the theory of belief, thus revealing the intention of this thesis. The specific thinking of writing is, first, from the perspective of the theory of knowledge, the criticism of Western rationalism. Then, on the basis of this criticism, a basic viewpoint is established: rationalism has no legitimate reason to interfere with political philosophy and political life. After negating the legitimacy of rationalism in the field of political philosophy, the author compares the politics of belief and scepticism. Through the analysis of these two theoretical models, we cut into the center of Oakchott's political philosophy, the thought of civil society.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091

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