COMMONWEALTH的“现代”意味

发布时间：2018-12-28 12:06

【摘要】：近代以来，宗教改革、文艺复兴所引发的世俗化运动使人们开始重新审视人自身的性质和在世所处的地位，霍布斯借鉴了了近代科学的方法，结合哲学思维方式并将二者融合和运用到自己的政治学研究中，构建出commonwealth的理论，是近代思想家中最先完成了具有传统向近代转折意义的逻辑正确、形式完整的政治哲学论述的第一人。洛克在霍布斯的影响之下，将commonwealth这一概念的应用合理化具体化，明确了这一概念的内涵即是政府的内涵，从而成为现代政府的标志。本文以commonwealth为主要研究对象，这一概念在霍布斯和洛克的政治学著作中都有明确表述，，它明确了从传统政治哲学向现代政治哲学转变的标志，并且在其中蕴含着现代政治设计的思想渊源和现代政治法律思想的宿因。霍布斯虽然并非是这个单词的创造者，但是却赋予了它合理而深刻的政治学内涵，他作为现代政治哲学先驱，其在政治哲学思想中所做的逻辑推理和理论演绎影响着之后洛克政治学研究的基本思路，使得洛克也将commonwealth作为其政治学体系构建的终极目标。但是，中英在语言上的巨大差异带来了思维方式和考察角度的不同，所以commonwealth概念在国内的研究中往往都是按照所述不同观点的需要进行翻译，大约被翻译成国家、政府、共同体、联邦等。这不利于对传统政治向现代政治转变的分析，所以本文在题目的选择上希望能将commonwealth这个单词的内涵表述清楚，不对这一单词做出明确的中文翻译以避免再次误解。文章试图找出霍布斯与洛克在commonwealth概念上倾注的政治文明的期望，了解这一概念是如何奠定人类政治走向文明的理论基础，并成为推动传统政治哲学向现代政治哲学转变的根本标志的。最后用所得结论对照我国政府功能职责的现状，借鉴其成果应用到我国的政府建设中，以推进我国政治体制改革和政府职能转变。文章共有以下四个部分：第一部分说明本文选题的意义、国内外的研究现状、文章基本框架等。第二部分解释commonwealth应当被理解为政府，以及从目的和手段两方面明确为了最终实现common wealth所以个人自愿放弃权利形成commonwealth。第三部分内容主要是探讨commonwealth对当代政治哲学和政府理论的影响，明确应当按照commonwealth的要求减去过多的国家干预和政府扩张，并将这一结论运用到我国现代政体的建设中去。第四部分是小结，对文章做一个整体性的概括，将commonwealth的基本要求贯彻到我国服务型政府的建设中去。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, religious reform and the secularization movement initiated by the Renaissance have made people begin to re-examine the nature of human beings and their status in the world. Hobbes drew on the methods of modern science. Combining the mode of philosophical thinking and combining and applying the two to his own political studies, the theory of commonwealth was constructed, which was the first logical correctness of modern thinkers, which had the significance of turning from tradition to modern times. The first person to discuss a complete form of political philosophy. Under the influence of Hobbes, Locke concretely rationalized the application of the concept of commonwealth, and made clear that the connotation of the concept is the connotation of government, thus becoming the symbol of modern government. This paper takes commonwealth as the main research object, this concept is clearly expressed in Hobbes' and Locke's political science works, it clearly defines the symbol of the transformation from traditional political philosophy to modern political philosophy. And it contains the ideological origin of modern political design and the reason of modern political and legal thought. Hobbes, though not the cocreator of the word, gave it a reasonable and profound political connotation. He was a pioneer of modern political philosophy. His logical reasoning and theoretical deduction in the thought of political philosophy influenced the basic thinking of Locke's political research, which made Locke regard commonwealth as the ultimate goal of the construction of his political system. However, the great differences in language between China and the United Kingdom have led to differences in the way of thinking and the perspective of investigation. So the concept of commonwealth is often translated according to the needs of the different viewpoints stated in domestic studies, which are translated into countries, governments, etc. Community, federation, etc. This is not conducive to the analysis of the transformation from traditional politics to modern politics, so this paper hopes that the meaning of the word commonwealth can be clearly expressed in the choice of the title, and that no clear Chinese translation of the word can be made in order to avoid further misunderstanding. This paper attempts to find out the expectations of the political civilization that Hobbes and Locke pour into the concept of commonwealth and to understand how this concept lays the theoretical foundation for the development of human politics towards civilization. And become the basic symbol of promoting the transformation of traditional political philosophy to modern political philosophy. Finally, compared with the current situation of the government function and responsibility in our country, the conclusion can be used for reference in the government construction in order to promote the reform of political system and the transformation of government function in our country. There are four parts as follows: the first part explains the significance of this topic, the domestic and foreign research status, the basic framework of the article. The second part explains that commonwealth should be understood as government, and that it is clear from both ends and means that individuals voluntarily relinquish their rights to form commonwealth. in order to finally achieve common wealth. The third part mainly discusses the influence of commonwealth on contemporary political philosophy and government theory, and makes it clear that we should subtract too much state intervention and government expansion according to the requirements of commonwealth, and apply this conclusion to the construction of modern government in our country. The fourth part is a summary of the article, carrying out the basic requirements of commonwealth in the construction of service-oriented government in China.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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