罗尔斯正义论之“原初状态”

发布时间：2019-02-20 21:56

【摘要】： 自20世纪七十年代罗尔斯的《正义论》发表以来,政治哲学一时成了西方哲学界热门的话题。而关于罗尔斯《正义论》一书的争论的焦点、热点主要集中于此书的逻辑基点“原初状态”理念上。而罗尔斯本人恰恰就是通过这种假设的状态使政治哲学重归契约论的。罗尔斯说:“在作为公平的正义中,平等的原初状态相应于传统的社会契约理论中的自然状态。这种原初状态当然不可以看作是一种实际的历史状态,也并非文明之初的那种真实的原始状况,它应被理解为一种用来达到某种确定的正义观的纯粹假设的状态。”[1]因此,本文的目的首先是通过研究“原初状态”理解《正义论》的证明思路,其次是通过《正义论》的证明思路理解当代西方政治哲学转向。方法上,我们首先着重从“原初状态”理念的内部展开我们对它的理解,其次是通过概括自由主义和社群主义主要代表关于“原初状态”理念的争议加深对“原初状态”的理解和把握。论文的创新之处在于以内部视角和外部视角的结合突显罗尔斯“原初状态”理念及其整个理论的要点和关键之处。论文的主要成果体现在总体上给予罗尔斯“原初状态”理念以简单的介绍和评价,并在此基础上实现对作为罗尔斯整个理论的逻辑基点的“原初状态”理念的较为正确的理解和把握。最后实现对当代西方哲学转向的理解。
[Abstract]:Since the publication of Rawls' Theory of Justice in the 1970s, political philosophy has become a hot topic in western philosophy. The focus of controversy about Rawls's the Theory of Justice is mainly focused on the logical basis point of the book "the original State". It is through this hypothetical state that Rawls himself restores political philosophy to contract theory. Rawls said: "in justice as fairness, the initial state of equality corresponds to the natural state in the traditional theory of social contract. This primordial state of course cannot be regarded as a practical historical state, nor is it the true primordial state of civilization that existed at the beginning of civilization. It should be understood as a state of pure hypotheses used to achieve a certain view of justice. "[1] therefore, the purpose of this paper is first to understand the idea of proof of the theory of justice by studying the" original state ". The second is to understand the turn of contemporary western political philosophy through the proof train of thought of "the theory of justice". In terms of methods, we begin by focusing on our understanding of "primordial state" from within. Secondly, through summarizing the controversy of liberalism and communitarianism on the concept of "primordial state", it deepens the understanding and grasp of "primordial state". The innovation of this paper is that the combination of internal and external perspectives highlights the main points and key points of Rawls'"original state" and its whole theory. The main achievements of the paper are reflected in the introduction and evaluation of Rawls'"original state" concept. On this basis, it realizes a more correct understanding and grasp of the concept of "original state" as the logical basis point of Rawls' whole theory. Finally, the understanding of the turn of contemporary western philosophy is realized.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

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