第一代新左派与经典马克思主义的阶级斗争观：继承与超越
发布时间：2019-06-03 13:00
【摘要】：在20世纪后半叶的欧美马克思主义理论发展史上，英国新左派扮演了非常重要的角色：从第一代的霍布斯鲍姆、汤普森、威廉姆斯、密里本德、霍加特、霍尔等人到第二代的伊格尔顿、安德森、哈维等人，英国涌现出一批具有世界性影响的马克思主义理论家。正是在这种背景下，第一批具有明确英国马克思主义特质的理论著作率先在政治学、历史学和文化研究领域中陆续出现。然而，面对英国新左派绵密细致的历史主义个案分析，早已习惯德国式宏大叙事思辨演绎的国内学界选择了沉默应对。 本文试对比经典马克思主义与第一代新左派的阶级斗争观点，最终预期得出结论：经典马克思主义认为斗争是统治阶级用来阻止被统治阶级解放的手段；新左派在承认斗争的客观存在的同时，认为这种斗争不仅是一种通过和平方式解决问题的手段，而且也是一种产生新思想、保证进步和取得更大和谐的手段。阶级之间的矛盾与斗争在根本上有三个层次：经济斗争、思想斗争、政治斗争。因此，笔者从此观点出发，将文章分为三个章节展开讨论：第一，经济阶层的对抗是斗争的现实基础。新左派继承了经典马克思主义的经济阶层分析法，并进一步细划了英国社会阶层，为斗争形式的多样性与方向的多维性奠定了阶级基础。第二，思想意识的对抗体现斗争的形态方式。新左派继承了经典马克思主义阶级斗争观点的文化内核，工人阶级文化的成型彻底打破了经典马克思主义统治阶级文化独挡一面的局面，倡导和谐、非暴力的工人阶级文化活力十足，成为一种强劲有力的斗争武器。第三，，政治上层建筑的对抗决定斗争的前进方向。经典马克思主义要求彻底打破现有的落后的不平衡关系，建立无产阶级专政；新左派认为正是因为这种不平衡才产生了多种可能性，斗争可以是冲突，是落后，也可以是和平，是进步。新左派这一理论观点有其特定的形成原因：20世纪50年代，一系列重大的国际性事件促发了英国新左派阵营的建立。当时，英国的社会格局出现重大变化，传统的主义和理论再难以对社会不同阶层产生以往那样的作用，一个需要重新思考阶级、权力、秩序的新社会形成了。密里本德、威廉姆斯、霍加特、霍尔、汤普森等先驱人物，面对激变的时代，深刻反思，积极应对，强有力地催生了英国派马克思主义，并成功地将新左派的人文主义精髓与多元视角延续到文化研究传统中。笔者才疏学浅，希望通过此研究探索中国派马克思主义理论建构的可能性？
[Abstract]:In the history of the development of Marxist theory in Europe and the United States in the second half of the 20th century, the new left played a very important role: from the first generation of Hubsbaum, Thompson, Williams, Miribender, Hogart, Hall and others to the second generation of Eagleton, Anderson, Harvey and other people, Britain emerged a group of Marxist theorists with worldwide influence. It is in this context that the first theoretical works with clear characteristics of British Marxism have taken the lead in the fields of political science, history and cultural research. However, in the face of the meticulous historical case analysis of the new left in Britain, the domestic academic circles who have long been used to the German grand narrative speculation and deduction have chosen silence to deal with it. This paper tries to compare the view of class struggle between classical Marxism and the first generation of the new left, and finally draws the conclusion that classical Marxism holds that struggle is a means used by the ruling class to prevent the liberation of the ruling class; While recognizing the objective existence of the struggle, the new left believes that this struggle is not only a means of solving problems by peaceful means, but also a means to produce new ideas to ensure progress and achieve greater harmony. There are three fundamental levels of contradiction and struggle between classes: economic struggle, ideological struggle and political struggle. Therefore, from this point of view, the author divides the article into three chapters to discuss: first, the confrontation of the economic class is the realistic basis of the struggle. The new left inherited the classical Marxist economic class analysis and further elaborated the British social strata, laying the class foundation for the diversity of the forms of struggle and the multidimensional nature of the direction. Second, the confrontation of ideology reflects the form of struggle. The new left inherited the cultural core of the classical Marxist view of class struggle, and the formation of the working class culture completely broke the situation of the exclusive side of the classical Marxist ruling class culture and advocated harmony. Non-violent working class culture is full of vitality and becomes a powerful weapon of struggle. Third, the confrontation of the political superstructure determines the direction of the struggle. Classical Marxism calls for completely breaking the existing backward unbalanced relationship and establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat. The new left believes that it is precisely because of this imbalance that there are many possibilities. Struggle can be conflict, backwardness, peace and progress. The theoretical view of the new left has its own specific reasons: in the 1950s, a series of major international events promoted the establishment of the new left camp in Britain. At that time, there were great changes in the social pattern of Britain, and it was difficult for traditional doctrine and theory to play the same role in different strata of society, and a new society that needed to rethink class, power and order was formed. Miribender, Williams, Hogart, Hall, Thompson and other pioneer figures, in the face of the era of upheaval, profound reflection, positive response, strongly gave birth to British Marxism. And successfully extended the humanistic essence and pluralistic perspective of the new left into the tradition of cultural research. The author hopes to explore the possibility of the construction of Marxist theory in China through this study.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D01;A811.6
本文编号：2491947
[Abstract]:In the history of the development of Marxist theory in Europe and the United States in the second half of the 20th century, the new left played a very important role: from the first generation of Hubsbaum, Thompson, Williams, Miribender, Hogart, Hall and others to the second generation of Eagleton, Anderson, Harvey and other people, Britain emerged a group of Marxist theorists with worldwide influence. It is in this context that the first theoretical works with clear characteristics of British Marxism have taken the lead in the fields of political science, history and cultural research. However, in the face of the meticulous historical case analysis of the new left in Britain, the domestic academic circles who have long been used to the German grand narrative speculation and deduction have chosen silence to deal with it. This paper tries to compare the view of class struggle between classical Marxism and the first generation of the new left, and finally draws the conclusion that classical Marxism holds that struggle is a means used by the ruling class to prevent the liberation of the ruling class; While recognizing the objective existence of the struggle, the new left believes that this struggle is not only a means of solving problems by peaceful means, but also a means to produce new ideas to ensure progress and achieve greater harmony. There are three fundamental levels of contradiction and struggle between classes: economic struggle, ideological struggle and political struggle. Therefore, from this point of view, the author divides the article into three chapters to discuss: first, the confrontation of the economic class is the realistic basis of the struggle. The new left inherited the classical Marxist economic class analysis and further elaborated the British social strata, laying the class foundation for the diversity of the forms of struggle and the multidimensional nature of the direction. Second, the confrontation of ideology reflects the form of struggle. The new left inherited the cultural core of the classical Marxist view of class struggle, and the formation of the working class culture completely broke the situation of the exclusive side of the classical Marxist ruling class culture and advocated harmony. Non-violent working class culture is full of vitality and becomes a powerful weapon of struggle. Third, the confrontation of the political superstructure determines the direction of the struggle. Classical Marxism calls for completely breaking the existing backward unbalanced relationship and establishing the dictatorship of the proletariat. The new left believes that it is precisely because of this imbalance that there are many possibilities. Struggle can be conflict, backwardness, peace and progress. The theoretical view of the new left has its own specific reasons: in the 1950s, a series of major international events promoted the establishment of the new left camp in Britain. At that time, there were great changes in the social pattern of Britain, and it was difficult for traditional doctrine and theory to play the same role in different strata of society, and a new society that needed to rethink class, power and order was formed. Miribender, Williams, Hogart, Hall, Thompson and other pioneer figures, in the face of the era of upheaval, profound reflection, positive response, strongly gave birth to British Marxism. And successfully extended the humanistic essence and pluralistic perspective of the new left into the tradition of cultural research. The author hopes to explore the possibility of the construction of Marxist theory in China through this study.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D01;A811.6
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 张亮;;英国马克思主义的研究模式及方法[J];求是学刊;2006年05期
本文编号：2491947
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