新自由主义时代的阶级、文化与不平等

发布时间：2019-06-10 17:21

【摘要】："阶级"概念描述的问题是不平等。欧洲从工业资本主义向金融资本主义(新自由主义)的过渡导致了国家内部和国家之间在收入、医疗和生活机会上的不平等不断加剧,其不平等程度是自二战爆发之前至今前所未有的。在这种情况下,如果要把握当今的不平等问题,就要把阶级作为社会学的基点。本文追溯了皮埃尔·布迪厄把阶级视为一个关系性的概念的理论、贝弗利·斯凯格斯关于阶级就意味着斗争的观点以及温迪·布朗认为新自由主义具有政治斗争文化化特征的论述,旨在引起人们对阶级分析的重视,更好地理解后工业社会阶级剥削的形式。作者还基于雅克·朗西埃的阶级概念指出,阶级社会学不应以对阶级身份的假设和确定为基础,而应立足于将阶级理解为反对分类的斗争。这样,面对被视为"随意弃置的生命政治"的新自由主义治理,社会学就可以努力促进一种新的社会政治理想的发展。
[Abstract]:The problem described by the concept of class is inequality. The transition from industrial capitalism to financial capitalism (neoliberalism) in Europe has led to rising inequalities in income, health care and life opportunities within and between countries. Its inequality is unprecedented since before the outbreak of World War II. In this case, if we want to grasp today's inequality, we must take class as the basic point of sociology. This paper traces back to Pierre Boudieu's theory that class is regarded as a relational concept. Beverly Skaggers' view that class means struggle and Wendy Brown's argument that neoliberalism has the cultural characteristics of political struggle is aimed at attracting people's attention to class analysis. A better understanding of the forms of class exploitation in post-industrial societies. Based on the concept of class, the author also points out that class sociology should not be based on the hypothesis and determination of class identity, but should be based on the understanding of class as a struggle against classification. In this way, in the face of neoliberal governance, which is regarded as "random abandonment of life politics", sociology can strive to promote the development of a new social and political ideal.
【作者单位】：英国兰开斯特大学社会学系;西南大学马克思主义理论研究中心;重庆青年职业技术学院政治部;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“当代西方发达国家引领社会思潮的经验和启示研究”(13BKS064) 重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目(13SKB012)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D081

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