内倾型的贤能政治——基于“历史终结论”病理学逻辑的政治哲学分析

发布时间：2019-07-30 15:05

【摘要】：以马克思为代表的左翼和以尼采为代表的右翼,对普遍承认之虚假性和可欲性的批判,分别从两个相对的向度对福山的"历史终结论"提出了挑战。当下的中国式贤能政治,是融合了左翼与右翼挑战的政治模式,具有超越"历史终结论"的转进空间。但中国式贤能政治能否真正实现对"历史终结论"的超越,则端赖于其能否在现代条件下形成可欲且稳固的替代性治理模式。为此,中国式贤能政治必须积极回应其在现代条件下面临的三大挑战:"德必称位"与道德普遍主义之间的张力、"位必称禄"的礼治格局对社会正义的侵蚀,以及社会教化对个人自主的威胁。从中西文化比较的视角看,这亦是慈继伟意义上"基于认同的能动性"这种中国特有的道德文化模式在"后经学时代"的当下中国所面临的挑战:如果说由"德不称位"、"位必称禄"所导致的问题,在很大程度上表征着作为认同对象的道德权威和道德楷模之式微,那么社会教化与个人自主之间的张力,则集中地体现了作为这种道德文化模式之基础的"认同"过程之断裂。由"立德为公"、"利他主义卓越感"和"内向修为"共同塑造的"内倾型贤能政治",是可以基本回应这三大挑战的可欲治理形态。
[Abstract]:The left wing represented by Marx and the right wing represented by Nietzsche challenge Fukuyama's "historical final conclusion" from two relative dimensions. The current Chinese-style virtuous politics is a political model that combines the challenges of the left and the right, and has the space to move beyond the "end of history". However, whether Chinese-style virtuous politics can truly transcend the "final conclusion of history" depends on whether it can form a desirable and stable alternative governance model under modern conditions. Therefore, Chinese-style virtuous politics must respond positively to the three challenges it faces under modern conditions: the tension between "virtue must be called" and moral universality, the erosion of social justice by the pattern of propriety and governance, and the threat of social enlightenment to individual autonomy. From the perspective of the comparison between Chinese and Western cultures, this is also the challenge faced by China's unique moral and cultural model in the "post-Confucian era" in the sense of "initiative based on identity": if the problems caused by "moral disqualification" and "position must be called Lu", to a large extent, they represent the decline of moral authority and moral role models as the object of identity. Then, the tension between social education and individual autonomy embodies the fracture of the process of "identity", which is the basis of this moral and cultural model. The "introverted virtuous politics", which is shaped by "morality for the public", "altruism excellence" and "introverted cultivation", is a form of governance that can basically respond to these three challenges.
【作者单位】：复旦大学社会科学高等研究院;
【基金】：复旦大学社会科学高等研究院和复旦大学当代中国研究中心2016年“年度主题”研究项目 “上海市高峰学科建设”资助项目成果之一
【分类号】：D0

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