当前位置:主页 > 社科论文 > 中国历史论文 >

论西汉国家政权与游侠兴衰的关系

发布时间:2018-02-10 01:24

  本文关键词: 西汉 国家政权 社会控制 游侠 出处:《广西师范大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:游侠产生于社会剧烈变动的春秋、战国时期。他们是一群广结宾客、不顾个人利益急人所难的人,也是由此获得广泛的社会影响力和自身强大力量的人。他们有着自身的发展变迁过程,从春秋、战国到秦汉,从萌芽到成熟,终于成为一种强大的民间力量。游侠出现于乱世,成长于纷争,在西汉初年,终到鼎盛。当时社会制度草创而不健全,西汉早期以“黄老无为”为治国的指导思想,对地方早已存在的秩序干预甚微。而且当时封国林立,人才选拔制度亦不健全,游侠中很多人不得不投身于地方势力,效法春秋、战国时早期游侠的所作所为。国家政权对地方上的控制力不够,地方秩序还是要依赖原已存在的权威来维护。游侠就是在这样的时代背景里纵横捭阖,留下了自己绚丽的身影。不过宛若流星,虽灿烂非常,却也短暂易逝。汉初的休养生息集聚了后世改革所需的能量,政府不满现状,社会局势的变动无法避免。西汉中后期,“黄老无为”完成了它的历史使命,政府强调政令一统,儒家思想取而代之。封国的逐步被取消,人才选拔制度的健全,也让游侠重新考虑自身的出路,投身于国家体制之内不失为上策。国家对地方上的控制力逐渐增强,游侠的生存空间则一步步被挤压,直至衰落。作为代表民间传统势力的“三老”他们的权力大小与国家对地方上控制力的强弱正好相反。因此,本文选择这一角度来侧面论述国家对地方的控制力情况,即是游侠的生存环境。游侠的性格有着两面性,一方面以其不图回报、敢为人先的游侠精神帮助平民渡过难关,另一方面任张声势、目无法纪,常有破坏社会秩序的行为。第一个性格特点使他们在地方上获得平民支持,影响日甚,与政府的权威形成了一种互补的关系,成为政府在地方上控制力不够时的一种平衡因素。第二个性格特点则对地方秩序影响恶劣,破坏了国家法制以及平民的正常生活。对于国家而言,游侠不论是作为国家实力不足时的补充,亦或是作为对抗性因素而存在,都会对其进行打击,绝不会放任如此有影响力的群体在国家体制之外存活,对其进行打击取决于国家实力是否足以采取行动。所以随着国家机器发展完善,中央对地方控制力增强,游侠群体难逃被打击的命运。不过,政治实体逐渐消失的同时,“侠”的文化精神却得以传承。本文主要以时间为线索,阐述了整个西汉时期的政治变化情况,以此为基础来论述国家对地方控制力的强弱与游侠兴衰的关系。
[Abstract]:The Rangers were born in the period of the Spring and Autumn period, the warring States period, in which the society changed dramatically. They were a group of people who had a great deal of guests and who did not care about their personal interests. They have their own development and vicissitudes, from the Spring and Autumn, warring States to Qin and Han dynasties, from germination to maturity, and finally become a strong folk power. The Ranger appeared in turbulent times. Growing up in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, when the social system was created but not perfect, the guiding ideology of governing the country in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty was "Huang Lao's inaction", with little intervention in the order that had already existed in the region. The talent selection system is also not perfect. Many of the rangers have to devote themselves to local forces, following the example of the Spring and Autumn period and the early warring States period. The state power did not have enough control over the localities. Local order still has to rely on the existing authority to maintain. The ranger is in such a background of the times to maneuver, leaving their own gorgeous figure. But like a meteor, although very brilliant, But it was also fleeting. The recuperation of the early Han Dynasty gathered the energy needed for future generations' reform. The government was dissatisfied with the present situation and the social situation could not be avoided. In the middle and late Han Dynasty, "Huang Lao Wuwei" completed his historical mission, and the government emphasized the unification of government orders. Confucianism replaced it. The gradual abolition of the feudal state and the sound talent selection system also allowed the ranger to reconsider his own way out and devote himself to the national system. The state gradually strengthened its control over the local areas. On the other hand, the living space of the Rangers was squeezed step by step until it declined. As a representative of the traditional folk forces, the "three Ladies" had exactly the opposite power to the power of the state over the local areas. Therefore, This paper chooses this angle to discuss the situation of state control over local areas, that is, the survival environment of rangers. The character of Rangers has two sides. On the one hand, with its spirit of not wanting to return, it can help civilians to tide over the difficulties. On the other hand, Zhang's momentum and lawlessness often lead to acts that undermine social order. The first characteristic of his character enables them to gain civilian support at the local level, which has become increasingly influential and has formed a complementary relationship with the authority of the government. To become a balance factor when the government has insufficient control at the local level. The second character, on the other hand, has a bad effect on the local order, undermining the country's legal system and the normal life of the civilian population. Rangers, whether as a complement to a nation's lack of strength or as a confrontational factor, attack it and will never allow such an influential group to survive outside the state system. The fight against it depends on whether the national power is strong enough to take action. So as the state machinery develops and the central government exercises greater control over the local authorities, the ranger community cannot escape the blow. However, While the political entity is gradually disappearing, the cultural spirit of "chivalrous" is passed on. This paper, based on the clue of time, expounds the political changes of the whole period of the Western Han Dynasty. On the basis of this, this paper discusses the relationship between the strength of national control over local areas and the rise and fall of rangers.
【学位授予单位】:广西师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:K234.1

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前2条

1 罗义俊;汉代选官制度的演变与得失[J];社会科学;1988年05期

2 韩云波;侠的文化内涵与文化模式[J];西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);1994年02期



本文编号:1499327

资料下载
论文发表

本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zhongguolishiwenhua/1499327.html


Copyright(c)文论论文网All Rights Reserved | 网站地图 |

版权申明:资料由用户d6ae3***提供,本站仅收录摘要或目录,作者需要删除请E-mail邮箱bigeng88@qq.com