宋明以来宗族制形成理论辨析

发布时间：2018-03-05 03:13

本文选题：宋明以来　切入点：宗族制形成　出处：《安徽史学》2007年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：宋明以来宗族制度形成理论的探讨,似可以20世纪八九十年代之交为界,分为两个不同时期。前一个时期研究的理论基础,是封建社会形态视野下的近世宗族农村公社论、族权论、宗法思想论、土地关系制约论四论;在后一个时期,则从研究问题的实际出发,对前一个时期的理论基础有所突破,主要反映在宗族民众化、家族组织与社会变迁的“三化”、国家认同论、宗族乡约化以及对宗族形成原因的综合分析方面。把握近世宗族制的形成及其性质,将近世宗族与中世世家大族加以比较是重要的方法之一。在封建社会后期理论影响下的宗族比较,共同之处在于宋以前的宗族与社会具有身份性,是世家大族掌控社会;宋以后的社会具有非身份性,普通官僚与民众地位上升并拥有宗族。新的研究注意到中世世系重视女系的问题,对于当时社会的认识有所深化。日本学者唐宋变革论下对于中国中世社会的研究,提出了贵族制、豪族共同体等理论,也值得借鉴。我们应当把宋以后宗族形成问题从社会文化变迁的角度重新加以审视,关注宋明以来宗族的新与旧、南与北、官与民、国家与宗族、守旧与创新等问题,进一步充分占有资料,改进解读资料的方式,并在理论上有所突破。
[Abstract]:The discussion on the formation theory of the clan system since Song Ming can be divided into two different periods in the 1980s and 1990s on 20th century. The theoretical basis of the previous period is the modern clan rural commune theory in the view of feudal society. In the latter period, from the point of view of the reality of the research, the theoretical basis of the previous period has been broken through, which is mainly reflected in the clan popularization. The "three changes" of family organization and social vicissitude, the theory of national identity, the reduction of clan and township, and the comprehensive analysis of the reasons for the formation of clan. It is one of the important methods to compare the near lineage clan with the middle age family. Under the influence of the theory in the later period of feudal society, the common point is that the clan and the society before Song Dynasty have the identity, and it is the patriarchal clan that controls the society. Since the Song Dynasty, the society has been characterized by non-identity, ordinary bureaucrats and people have ascended and have clans. New studies have noted the importance attached to female lineage in the Middle Epoch. Japanese scholars in Tang and Song dynasties studied the Middle World society in China, and put forward some theories such as aristocratic system, the community of the great people, and so on. It is also worth learning. We should re-examine the issue of clan formation after the Song Dynasty from the perspective of social and cultural changes, and pay attention to the new and old clan since Song Ming, the new and old clan since Song Ming, the south and north, the officials and the people, the state and the clan, the conservation of the old and the innovation, and so on. Further full possession of data, improve the way of interpretation of the data, and a breakthrough in theory.
【作者单位】：南开大学中国社会史研究中心
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助项目,名称为“宋以后宗族形态的演进与社会变迁”,编号06JJD840008。
【分类号】：K207

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