制度设计与农民历史命运——农民战争史研究视角问题琐议

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:02

本文选题：农民起义　切入点：农民阶级　出处：《史学月刊》2005年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：站在新世纪的高度回溯近百年来的中国史研究,人们会感到一个明显的事实,即人们过于将历史研究现实化,赋予它意识形态的特性,而忽视了历史本身的性质。农战史研究就是一个鲜明的例子。上世纪初叶,在辛亥革命浪潮的波及下,太平天国研究一度兴盛,二三十年代短短20年间,出版的太平天国史著作近30部之多,在中国史学史上第一次出现了高度集中的学术论题;接着到来的新民主主义革命,则将整个中国历史上的农民战争史研究提到了相当的历史高度,人们简直就将历史上的农民战争看做是现实中国革命的直接序幕;新中国成立后的中国史研究,更将农战史研究装扮成一朵耀眼的明珠,40年间发表论文4000多篇,出版著作300多部,在史学研究领域形成了趋之若骛之势;而到了80年代中期以后,随着现实生活中阶级斗争问题的鲜有提及,随着农业国向工业国的迅猛过渡,加之建立稳定社会秩序的目标日益迫切,农战史研究则遭遇了前所未有的冷漠。从学术自身发展的要求出发,围着意识形态转的现象应该得到改变。对于传统的以阶级斗争为纲的农战史研究来说,今天是到了一个需要认真回溯、总结、清理并使之终结的时代。但中国是一个传统的农业大国,几千年的农业社会一直延伸进今天的时代,农民问题、农民的历史和现状,是我们认识国情的最为重要的方面。所以,抛开以阶级斗争为纲的农战史和农民问题研究、乡村社会研究等等,仍是一个需要深入开掘的领域。所以,我们今天重提农战史研究,希望从新的历史高度对之重新审视,用新的视角、新的方法和反思的精神,清理以往的研究,开拓新的思路,以期使被极度冷落的农战史研究,再次成为历史研究的新的生长点,并绽开出比传统的“五朵金花”更为娇艳、也更富有生命活力和科学魅力的史学鲜花。本期所选用的几篇笔谈短文,表达着编者对农战史研究复苏和新生的热切期待。
[Abstract]:Standing at the height of the new century, looking back on the study of Chinese history in the past hundred years, people will feel the obvious fact that people are too realistic about historical research and endow it with ideological characteristics. In the beginning of 0th century, under the influence of the Revolution of 1911, the study of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom flourished. In the 1920s and 1930s, the study of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom flourished. Nearly 30 books on the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have been published, and for the first time in the history of Chinese historiography there have been highly concentrated academic topics. On the other hand, the study on the history of peasant war in the whole history of China has been raised to a considerable historical height. People simply regard the peasant war in history as a direct prelude to the real Chinese revolution; the study of the history of China after the founding of New China, Moreover, the study of the history of agricultural warfare was dressed up as a dazzling pearl. In 40 years, it published more than 4, 000 papers and more than 300 books, which has become a trend in the field of historical research. But after the middle of 80s, With the lack of mention of the problem of class struggle in real life, the rapid transition from an agricultural country to an industrial country, and the increasing urgency of the goal of establishing a stable social order, The research on the history of agricultural warfare has encountered unprecedented apathy. From the requirements of academic development itself, the phenomenon of turning around ideology should be changed. For the traditional research on the history of agricultural warfare based on class struggle, Today is an era that needs careful backtracking, summing up, cleaning up and putting an end to it. But China is a traditional agricultural country, and thousands of years of agricultural society have been extending into today's era, the problems of peasants, the history and present situation of peasants. This is the most important aspect of our understanding of the national conditions. Therefore, to put aside the history of agricultural warfare and the study of peasant issues, rural society, and so on, which is based on class struggle, is still an area that needs to be explored in depth. Today, we again bring up the study of the history of agricultural warfare. We hope to re-examine it from a new historical height, to use a new perspective, new methods and a spirit of reflection, to clean up past studies, and to open up new ideas, with a view to making the study of the history of agricultural warfare extremely neglected. Once again becoming a new growth point in the study of history, and blooming more beautiful than the traditional "five Golden Flowers", but also more vital and scientific charm of history flowers. Expressed the editor of the history of agricultural warfare research recovery and new expectations.
【作者单位】：苏州大学历史系
【分类号】：K201

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