北朝九品中正制度研究三题

发布时间：2018-04-16 08:36

  本文选题：北朝 + 九品中正制　； 参考：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：九品中正制度是魏晋南北朝时期重要的人才选拔制度,北朝的九品中正制度相对于魏晋南朝而言,有其独特的发展脉络和历史过程,在北朝的历史进程中扮演着重要的角色。本文以北朝九品中正制度为切入点,从中正本官官品与任职中正关系、中正组织结构、郡望与中正任职联系、邑中正等方面对北朝九品中正制度的发展进行考察,试探讨北朝九品中正制度的发展脉络及特殊性。本文首先从中正本官官职入手,探讨了中正本官官品与中正任职之“大中正”和“中正”的关系。通过数据统计和量化分析,可以发现北朝称“州大中正”或“州中正”是与中正本官官品有一定联系。在州一级中央中正方面,属于京畿的司州中正,当本官官品达到第二品以上,则称大中正。地方州官品达到第三品(包含从三品)以上,称“某州大中正”,否则只称“某州中正”。此外,北齐完全承袭东魏和北魏,中正几乎均以中央官员担任。而北周则打破了北魏中正以中央官员任职的传统,大量任命地方郡守、军事统帅为地方中正,这种做法,一定程度上是与当时实行府兵制度,利用地方豪族选用人才分不开的。其次关于北朝的中正组织结构,探讨了相关的三个问题。第一、北魏的中正制度不是一蹴而就的,伴随着疆域的不断扩张,北魏的中正制度也不断成熟,新地区的征服往往伴随着新地区中正制度的确立。第二、北魏县一级中正的设立时间,至少可以推论到太武帝时期。而县中正也多以地方士族担任,以地方郡县属官兼任。第三、北周的确施行过中正制度,而且北周的中正制度实施的疆域范围远超北魏,北周的中正制度有别于前朝,多以地方郡守、军事都督首领兼任,有着笼络地方,得到地方豪族支持的因素。最后,基于附表《北朝历任中正表》,本文主要从从郡望与中正任职关系、邑中正、军前大中正等三个角度入手进行的部分问题考察。第一、通过对历任中正任职地区与其郡望进行比较,得出北朝中正的任职在大部分情况下,是依据其郡望、籍贯来任命的。第二、佛教石刻、造像砖上出现的邑中正大多数属于佛教社邑中的一种身份名称,北朝出现邑中正的地区全部集中在司州地区。第三、军前大中正的名号属于较为特殊的中正名号,是军中设置以此来权授乡品,借以除授官职。此后发展为各地大行台设置中正,以此分割中央权力,借以随时招揽人才除授官职。
[Abstract]:Jiupingzheng system is an important talent selection system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Compared with the Wei, Jin and Southern dynasties, the Jiupingzheng system has its unique development thread and historical process, and plays an important role in the historical process of the Northern Dynasty.In this paper, from the perspective of the system of Nine products in the Northern Dynasty, the relationship between the official and the official, the organizational structure of Zhongzheng, the relationship between the county and the Zhongzheng, and the development of the system in the Northern Dynasty, the author makes an investigation of the development of the system.Try to explore the development and particularity of Nine-Pin-Zheng system in the Northern Dynasty.This paper first discusses the relationship between Zhongzheng's official products and Zhongzheng's "Dazhong" and "Zhongzheng" from the perspective of Zhongzheng's official position.Through statistics and quantitative analysis, it can be found that the Northern Dynasty called "state Dazhong Zheng" or "state Zhongzheng Zheng" is related to Zhongzheng's official products.In the state level of central justice, belong to the capital of Sizhou Zhongzheng, when this official product above the second, it is called Dazhong.Local state officials up to the third (including three products), called "a state in the middle", or only "a state in the right."In addition, the Northern Qi completely inherited the Eastern Wei and Northern Wei, Zhongzheng almost by the central officials.The Northern Zhou Dynasty broke the tradition that Zhongzheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty served as a central official, and appointed a large number of local county guards and military commanders as local officials. To some extent, this practice was inseparable from the implementation of the military system at that time and the selection of talents by using the local aristocrats.Secondly, about the organization structure of Zhongzheng in the Northern Dynasty, three related problems are discussed.First, the Zhongzheng system of the Northern Wei Dynasty was not accomplished overnight. With the continuous expansion of the territory, the Zhongzheng system of the Northern Wei Dynasty was also maturing, and the conquest of the new region was often accompanied by the establishment of the Zhongzheng system in the new region.Second, the establishment of the Northern Wei County level Zhongzheng time, at least can be inferred from the period of Emperor Taiwu.And the county is also more to serve as a local literati, to the local prefectures and county officials concurrently.Third, the Northern Zhou Dynasty did implement the Zhongzheng system. Moreover, the Northern Zhou Dynasty implemented the Zhongzheng system to a far greater extent than the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Zhou Dynasty's Zhongzheng system was different from that of the previous dynasties. Most of the northern Zhou dynasties were guarded by local prefectures, and the military capitals were headed by governors, and they had a network of places.A factor that has the support of the local aristocrats.Finally, based on the attached table, this paper mainly from the three angles of the relationship between the county and Zhongzheng, Yi Zhongzheng, before the army in the middle of the three angles to conduct a part of the investigation.First, through the comparison between the former Zhongzheng office and its county, it is concluded that in most cases, Zhongzheng was appointed according to his county and place of origin.Second, Buddhist stone carvings, statues on the brick of the Yi Zhongzheng mostly belong to the Buddhist community of a kind of identity name, the Northern dynasties appear in the region of Shi Zhou all concentrated in the region.Third, the name of the army before the middle of the name belongs to a more special name, is set up in the military to grant rural goods, in order to remove the official position.Since then, it has set up Zhongzheng in various places to divide the central power, so as to solicit talents in addition to the granting of official posts at any time.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K235
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本文编号：1758154