王鸣盛的唐史研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 10:27

本文选题：王鸣盛 + 《新唐书》　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：清乾嘉年间是我国古代历史考据学兴盛的时期,考据人才辈出,王鸣盛就是其中杰出的代表之一,他与钱大昕、赵翼并称为乾嘉三大考史学家。王鸣盛对唐代历史的研究有着重要的贡献,首先表现为对新、旧《唐书》的研究取得了较大的成就。王鸣盛对两《唐书》的史料来源、编撰体例、内容、书法等作了详细的考辨,总结出了两书编撰上的优劣得失;他还对两《唐书》的文本作了细致的校勘,纠正了两书文字上的错讹、脱漏和衍羡;他考证两《唐书》的方法主要有归纳法、比较法、碑史互证法等,其中碑史互证法是其考史的一大特色,这些方法在其考证两《唐书》的过程中相辅相成、综合使用,取得很好的考证效果,对今天的史学研究具有重要的借鉴意义。他考证两《唐书》的内容深入具体,取得了丰硕的成果,值得后人借鉴。王鸣盛非常重视对唐代典章制度的考察,尤其是在官制、地理、兵制、考试制度、礼制等方面用力尤多。王鸣盛对唐代职官制度的研究,涉及到唐代的中枢机构、官禄爵位等级、官制的变迁等方面;地理方面主要是对两《唐书》地名错讹、唐代的相似地名及专有地名、政区建置演变和地理形胜等方面;兵制方面主要是对唐代府兵制、募兵制以及唐中后期宦官典兵弊端等方面的考察;科举考试方面重点是对唐代科举取士的基本特点及其优劣的辩说;文化方面包括对唐代的避讳文化和礼制文化等方面的考察。王鸣盛在对相关文献史料细致考察的基础上,对唐代的典章制度进行了深入的探究,为后世能比较清晰地了解唐代制度的特色及制度的沿革演变作出了重要贡献。此外,王鸣盛对唐代的重要史实及历史人物进行了评价,他的评说观点鲜明,不随俗流,在尊重事实的基础上,客观公正地评价史实和人物,确立了知人论世的原则。当然,王鸣盛考证唐史的过程中也存在一些缺漏和不足,如两《唐书》校勘上的疏漏,史评上有些地方明显过于苛刻,考证中遗留的存疑问题过多等,这些问题需要我们特别注意。总体来说,王鸣盛唐史研究的成就是丰硕的,考察了两《唐书》编撰的特点,细致考辨了唐代的典章制度,在唐代重要史实及人物的评价上不落俗套,见解独到,他的真知灼见给后世治史者很大的启发,为后人研究唐史提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:The Qianjia period of Qing Dynasty was the prosperous period of ancient historical textual research in China. Wang Mingsheng was one of the outstanding representatives of textual research talents. He, along with Qian Daxin and Zhao Yi, were called historians of Qianjia three major examinations. Wang Ming-sheng has made great contributions to the study of Tang Dynasty history. Wang Mingsheng made a detailed study of the sources of historical materials, compilation methods, contents, calligraphy, and so on of the two "Tang Shu", and summed up the pros and cons of the compilation of the two books; he also made a detailed collation of the two "Tang Shu" texts. He corrected the errors in the texts of the two books, got them out of the way and exuded envy; his textual research on the two "Tang Books" mainly included induction, comparative law, and the method of cross-proving of the history of the monument, among which the method of cross-proving of the history of the tablet was a major feature of his examination of the history. These methods complement each other in the process of their textual research and comprehensive use to obtain good textual research results, which is of great significance for the study of historiography today. His textual research on the contents of the two books of the Tang Dynasty is profound and concrete, and he has made fruitful achievements, which are worthy of reference by later generations. Wang Ming-sheng attached great importance to the inspection of Tang Dynasty regulations, especially in the official system, geography, military system, examination system, etiquette and so on. Wang Mingsheng's research on the official system of the Tang Dynasty involves the central organization of the Tang Dynasty, the rank of the official and the rank of the rank, the change of the official system, and so on; the geographical aspect is mainly the mistake of the two "Tang Shu" names, the similar place names and the exclusive place names in the Tang Dynasty. The military system is mainly about the military system of the Tang Dynasty, the recruitment system and the malpractice of the eunuchs in the middle and late period of the Tang Dynasty. The Keystone of imperial examination is to argue about the basic characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, and the cultural aspect includes the investigation of the culture of taboo and the culture of etiquette in the Tang Dynasty. On the basis of careful investigation of relevant historical documents, Wang Mingsheng made a deep exploration of the system of the Tang Dynasty, which made an important contribution to the understanding of the characteristics of the system of the Tang Dynasty and the evolution of the system in later generations. In addition, Wang Ming-sheng evaluated the important historical facts and historical figures of the Tang Dynasty. His comments had a clear viewpoint, did not follow the popular trend, and objectively and fairly evaluated historical facts and figures on the basis of respecting the facts, and established the principle of knowing the people and discussing the world. Of course, in the course of Wang Mingsheng's textual research into the history of the Tang Dynasty, there are also some omissions and deficiencies, such as the omissions in the collation of the two "Tang Books", the obvious harshness in some parts of the history review, and the excessive number of questions left over in the textual research, and so on. These problems require our special attention. On the whole, Wang Ming's achievements in the study of the history of the prosperous Tang Dynasty have been fruitful. The characteristics of the compilation of the two "Tang Dynasty Books" have been investigated, and the rules and regulations of the Tang Dynasty have been carefully examined and distinguished. The important historical facts of the Tang Dynasty and the evaluation of the figures are not out of line, and their opinions are unique. His insights enlighten the later scholars and provide new ideas for the later generations to study the history of the Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K242

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