中国古代官学中的学生数量问题研究——以科举学额制度发展演变的历史为中心

发布时间：2018-05-27 14:40

本文选题：中央官学 + 地方官学　；参考：《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2009年06期

【摘要】：中国传统社会中官学的历史要早于科举,其有一套较完备的制度,包括对入学者数量上的限定,但这和后来的科举名额制度还有很大的差别。科举制度产生后,经过长时间的发展,官学逐渐被整合到科举制度中,官学学额制度被科举制度接收。明代,举人、生员成为如同进士一样的终身功名身份之后,这种身份即成为一种社会性稀缺资源,由此生员的地位在历史上空前提高。明朝在万历年间开始按照"附学生员"名额,定期录取新生,在学生员却不毕业,之后生员人数大量增加,终于在其后形成了数量比较稳定的绅士阶层。科举学额制度保障社会资源有效、合理分配,其在明清时期表现出:控制总量、按照区域分配、兼顾特殊利益群体等特点。
[Abstract]:The history of official study in Chinese traditional society was earlier than that of imperial examination, which had a relatively complete system, including the limitation on the number of scholars, but it was quite different from the later system of imperial examination quota. After the imperial examination system came into being, after a long period of development, the official school was gradually integrated into the imperial examination system, and the official school places system was accepted by the imperial examination system. In the Ming Dynasty, the status of health workers became a kind of scarce social resources, and the status of health workers became unprecedented in history. The Ming Dynasty began to admit new students regularly according to the quota of "attached students" in Wanli period, but the number of students did not graduate, then the number of students increased greatly, and finally a relatively stable class of gentlemen was formed. The system of imperial examination places ensures the effective and reasonable distribution of social resources. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it showed the characteristics of controlling the total amount, distributing according to the region, taking into account the special interest groups and so on.
【作者单位】：北方民族大学学报编辑部;
【基金】：国家社科基金西部项目(09XZS003) 宁夏高等学校科研项目(2008JY016)
【分类号】：K207

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