明代嘉靖朝致仕制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:51

本文选题：嘉靖 + 大礼议　；参考：《青海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：致仕制度的起源很早，在发展过程中完成了从礼到法的转变，到了明代，致仕制度已经趋于成熟。嘉靖朝是明代中期一个重要的时期。嘉靖前期的嘉靖革新在一定程度上扫除了前代积累的弊病，使明代的统治重新焕发活力。后期由于嘉靖帝满足于前期的成果，开始消极怠政，沉溺于求道长生之中，使朝政再次走向败坏。在前期革新政策实施的过程中，致仕制度作为革新政策的一项辅助政策进行了调整，对于革新起到了积极作用。但是，由于嘉靖朝内阁制度和首辅制度的变化，内阁地位提升，位于六部之上，同时内阁的权力增加，首辅权力最大，使首辅之争日益激烈，前期党争还处于可控制范围内。中后期由于嘉靖帝的怠政和刚愎自用，风气日益败坏，党争加剧，致仕成为很多官员逃离官场的选择。笔者分析致仕的实施情况在一定程度上反映出当时君臣之间的关系和政治是否安稳。在致仕后，由于个人的心态、环境等因素的不同，官员的选择也不相同。本文采用宏观和微观相结合的分析方法，归纳整理明代嘉靖朝致仕制度的特点，总结嘉靖朝致仕制度的独特之处。文章结构主要分为三个部分：绪论、正文和余论。绪论主要探讨了本文的选题意义、研究现状、研究方法和框架。正文分为三章：第一章主要介绍了明代嘉靖朝之前致仕制度的沿革与发展。首先，按照时间顺序介绍了致仕制度在明代之前发展的阶段和程度。其次，介绍了嘉靖朝之前明代致仕制度的情况。明代是致仕制度发展趋向成熟的时期，在嘉靖朝之前明代的致仕制度就已经基本成型，，嘉靖朝只是进行了调整。第二章主要探讨了嘉靖朝的致仕制度，首先介绍了嘉靖朝致仕制度调整的背景，其次介绍了在嘉靖朝时期致仕制度做了哪些调整。最后，将嘉靖朝官员致仕的类型分为主动致仕和被动致仕，对其进行了分析。最后，围绕官员致仕后的社会生活展开研究，就他们的私人生活和社会生活进行分析。第三章对明代嘉靖朝致仕制度的特点、意义和局限性进行了归纳分析，并对整篇文章进行总结。余论主要是对正文部分进行补充。本文希望通过对嘉靖朝致仕制度的研究对现在的退休制度提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:The origin of the official system was very early. In the process of development, it completed the transformation from ceremony to law. By the Ming Dynasty, the official system had matured. Jiajing Dynasty was an important period in the middle of Ming Dynasty. The Jiajing innovation in the early period of Jiajing cleared away the malady accumulated in the previous generation to some extent, and made the rule of Ming Dynasty vigorous again. In the later period, because the Jiajing emperor satisfied with the early achievements, he began to be passive, indulged in seeking the Tao for a long life, and made the government go to ruin again. In the process of early implementation of innovation policy, the system of appointment as an auxiliary policy of innovation policy was adjusted, which played a positive role in innovation. However, due to the changes of the cabinet system and the first auxiliary system of Jiajing Dynasty, the cabinet position was elevated, which was above the six ministries. At the same time, the power of the cabinet increased, and the first auxiliary power was the largest, which made the controversy between the first and the second increasingly fierce, and the early party dispute was still within the scope of control. In the middle and later period, due to Jiajing Emperor's political incapacity and obstinacy, the atmosphere is getting worse and the party contention intensifies, which makes it a choice for many officials to escape from the official field. The author analyzes the implementation of the official to a certain extent reflects the relationship between the monarch and the political stability. After the official, due to the individual mentality, environment and other factors, officials are not the same choice. By combining macro and micro analysis, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the system of Jiajing Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, and summarizes the unique features of the system of Jiajing Dynasty. The structure of the article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. Introduction mainly discusses the significance of the topic, research status, research methods and framework. The main body is divided into three chapters: the first chapter mainly introduces the evolution and development of the official system before Jiajing Dynasty in Ming Dynasty. First of all, according to the chronological order of the introduction of the system in the Ming Dynasty before the development of the stage and degree. Secondly, it introduces the system of the Ming Dynasty before Jiajing Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was a mature period for the development of the official system. Before the Jiajing Dynasty, the official system of the Ming Dynasty was basically formed, and the Jiajing Dynasty was only adjusted. The second chapter mainly discusses the system of official in Jiajing Dynasty, first introduces the background of the system adjustment of Jiajing Dynasty, and then introduces what adjustments have been made in the period of Jiajing Dynasty. At last, the paper analyzes the types of Jiajing officials' official's appointment, which are active and passive. Finally, the paper studies the social life of officials after their official appointment, and analyzes their private life and social life. The third chapter summarizes the characteristics, significance and limitations of the system of Jiajing Dynasty in Ming Dynasty, and summarizes the whole article. The remainder is mainly a supplement to the text. This article hopes to provide some references to the present retirement system through the research of Jiajing Dynasty's official system.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K248

【参考文献】